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arXiv:1206.0297 · Physical Review Letters

Analytically Solvable Driven Time-Dependent Two-Level Quantum Systems

Edwin Barnes, S. Das Sarma

Published Aug 7, 2012• 159 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Analytical solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation describing a driven two-level system are invaluable to many areas of physics, but they are also extremely rare. Here, we present a simple algorithm that generates an unlimited number of exact analytical solutions. We show that a general single-axis driving term and its corresponding evolution operator are determined by a single real function which is constrained only by a certain inequality and initial conditions. Any function satisfying these constraints yields an exact analytical solution. We demonstrate this method by presenting several new exact solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Our general method and many of the new solutions we present are particularly relevant to qubit control in quantum computing applications.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.109.060401

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Analytical solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation describing a driven two-level system are invaluable to many areas of physics, but they are also extremely rare. Here, we present a simple algorithm that generates an unlimited number of exact analytical solutions. We show that a general single-axis driving term and its corresponding evolution operator are determined by a single real function which is constrained only by a certain inequality and initial conditions. Any function satisfying these constraints yields an exact analytical solution. We demonstrate this method by presenting several new exact solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Our general method and many of the new solutions we present are particularly relevant to qubit control in quantum computing applications.
Abstract It is well known that the time-dependent Schrrödinger equation can only be solved exactly in very rare cases, even for two-level quantum systems. Thus, finding the exact quantum dynamics under a time-dependent Hamiltonian is not only fundamentally important in quantum physics but also facilitates active quantum manipulations for quantum information processing. In this work, we present a method for generating nearly infinite analytically assisted solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a qubit under time-dependent driving. These analytically assisted solutions feature free parameters with only boundary restrictions, making them applicable in a variety of precise quantum manipulations. Due to the general form of the time-dependent Hamiltonian in our approach, it can be readily implemented in various experimental setups involving qubits. Consequently, our scheme offers new solutions to the Schrödinger equation, providing an alternative analytical framework for precise control over qubits.
Two-level systems are one of the most important quantum systems and they form the basis of quantum computers. We briefly look at the traditional approach to two-level systems with an external driving field as well as those subjected to noise. This project is aimed at studying two specific methods for obtaining analytic solutions for two-level systems. One of the methods enables us to obtain analytic solutions for driven time-dependent two-level systems while the other attempts to give exact solution of qubit decoherence using a transfer matrix method. A thorough study of both papers is done and results are reproduced. The latter method is generalized for a qutrit system as well as a two qubit system subjected to noise. A general method is formally derived for an N-dimensional quantum system and the difficulties in applying the method in real life systems is discussed.
A simple systematic way of obtaining analytically solvable Hamiltonians for quantum two-level systems is presented. In this method, a time-dependent Hamiltonian and the resulting unitary evolution operator are connected through an arbitrary function of time, furnishing us with new analytically solvable cases. The method is surprisingly simple, direct, and transparent and is applicable to a wide class of two-level Hamiltonians with no involved constraint on the input function. A few examples illustrate how the method leads to simple solvable Hamiltonians and dynamics.
We use analytic (current) density-potential maps of time-dependent (current) density-functional theory [TD(C)DFT] to inverse engineer analytically solvable time-dependent quantum problems. In this approach the driving potential (the control signal) and the corresponding solution of the Schr\"odinger equation are parametrized analytically in terms of the basic TD(C)DFT observables. We describe the general reconstruction strategy and illustrate it with a number of explicit examples. First we consider the real space one-particle dynamics driven by a time-dependent electromagnetic field and recover, from the general TDDFT reconstruction formulas, the known exact solution for a driven oscillator with a time-dependent frequency. Then we use analytic maps of the lattice TD(C)DFT to control quantum dynamics in a discrete space. As a first example we construct a time-dependent potential which generates prescribed dynamics on a tight-binding chain. Then our method is applied to the dynamics of spin-1/2 driven by a time-dependent magnetic field. We design an analytic control pulse that transfers the system from the ground to excited state and vice versa. This pulse generates the spin flip thus operating as a quantum not gate.
Abstract We present a new approach for generating arbitrary analytically solvable two-level systems. This method offers the ability to completely derive all analytically solvable Hamiltonians for any analytical evolutions of two-level systems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we reconstruct the Rosen–Zener model and generate several new exact solutions. Using this approach, we present the exact evolution of the semi-classical Rabi model with new analytical properties. The parameters used to generate Hamiltonians have direct physical interpretations within the Bloch sphere, the quantum speed limit, and the geometric phase. As a result, the physical properties of the generated Hamiltonian are highly controllable, which plays a significant role in the fields of quantum control, quantum computing, and quantum information.