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physica status solidi (b)

Investigation on the characteristics of the hubbard model

Gang Su, Mo‐Lin Ge

Published Apr 1, 1991• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract It is shown that a simple Hubbard model obeys supersymmetry of quantum mechanics under proper conditions in the attractive and the repulsive cases. The internal SO4 symmetry of that Hubbard model is found to be spontaneously broken. By unitary transformations superconductivity is investigated for a t—J model within the n‐pairing framework, and some essential results are achieved for the superconducting state.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.2221640222

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Abstract It is shown that a simple Hubbard model obeys supersymmetry of quantum mechanics under proper conditions in the attractive and the repulsive cases. The internal SO4 symmetry of that Hubbard model is found to be spontaneously broken. By unitary transformations superconductivity is investigated for a t—J model within the n‐pairing framework, and some essential results are achieved for the superconducting state.
Since the discovery of the superconducting cuprates and their hitherto unknown electronic properties there has been a continuously growing interest in a theoretical treatment of suitable models of strongly correlated fermions which at least qualitatively reflect the essential aspects of these physical systems. The Hubbard model in two dimensions plays an important role in this context. The present thesis examines instabilities and possible symmetry broken phases of the two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model with the help of numeric and semi analytic methods. While in the first part it is pointed out how such instabilities can be treated by a mean field theory, the second part of the work supplies the theoretical bases of the numeric procedures developed in part III. For the case of a pure nearest neighbour hopping it is shown that the second order contributions of perturbation theory generate an effective attraction between the electrons. The energy scale of the superconducting instabilities is also examined; it is shown that the vanHove singularity drastically enhances this critical scale at half filling. The investigation of a possible coexistence of two different kinds of spontaneous symmetry breaking forms the emphasis of the thesis: Lately accomplished renormalization group calculations showed (for suitably chosen parameters) the occurrence of a Pomeranchuk instability of the two-dimensional Hubbard model with nonvanishing next nearest neighbour hopping, which should give rise to a ground state that spontaneously breaks the model's lattice symmetry as well as its U(1) symmetry, i.e. the ground state could be characterized by two co-existing order parameters. For treatment of the problem of co-existing instabilities the ansatz of a renormalized perturbation theory is used, which had been suggested in order to avoid the occurrence of unphysical singularities arising within the framework of naive perturbation theory; these singularities are related to interaction-induced shifts of the Fermi surface, which cannot be captured by simply shifting the chemical potential. The attractive Hubbard model is also treated within the framework of renormalized perturbation theory; the well-known reduction of the superconducting order parameter with respect to its BCS value reported in earlier investigations can be confirmed. A spontaneously broken lattice symmetrie does not arise here, in contrast to the repulsive case.
The Hubbard model possesses a SU(2) pseudospin symmetry, which contains the U(1) phase symmetry as a subgroup. The existence of such symmetry leads to interesting experimental consequences if the U(1) phase symmetry is spontaneously broken, i.e., if the ground state is superconducting. In this case, there must exist a pair of massive collective modes which together with the usual Goldstone mode form a triplet representation of the psuedospin group. These collective modes are collisionless and couple directly to external charge disturbances with wave number \ensuremath{\pi} and can therefore be detected experimentally as sharp resonances.
Abstract The possibility of the superconducting transition in the repulsive Hubbard model on a square lattice is studied using the ladder approximation of the strong coupling diagram technique. The t – U and t – t ′– t ″– U models are considered in the regime of strong correlations, for the on-site Coulomb repulsion U = 8 t , in the range of temperatures 0.02 t ≲ T ≲ 0.3 t . To avoid the influence of the phase separation and size effects the calculations are performed in an infinite crystal, in the part of the phase diagram without inhomogeneities, for the electron concentration n ¯ = 0.92 . Solutions of the Eliashberg equation for singlet and triplet pairing, which are transformed according to one-dimensional representations of the lattice point group D 4 , are considered. For both models and all considered symmetries, eigenvalues of the Eliashberg equation are less than unity and demonstrate no upward trend with decreasing temperature. This result points to the absence of superconductivity in the Hubbard model in the strong-coupling regime. We discuss the reason for the small eigenvalue of the Eliashberg equation in the case of the singlet d x 2 − y 2 pairing.
We show that the extended attractive Hubbard model on a square lattice allows for a variety of superconducting phases, including exotic mixed-symmetry phases with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] symmetries, and a novel [Formula: see text] state. The calculations are performed within the Hartree-Fock Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer framework. The ground states of the mean-field Hamiltonian are obtained via a minimization scheme that relaxes the symmetry constraints on the superconducting solutions, hence allowing for a mixing of s-, p- and d-wave order parameters. The results are obtained within the assumption of uniform-density states. Our results show that extended attractive Hubbard model can serve as an effective model for investigating properties of exotic superconductors.