Various macroscopic communication, energy harvesting, sensing and processing devices operate by absorbing and emitting photons. For these devices, the Bose distribution equation provides the density of states, probabilities and other essential quantities of the electromagnetic radiation field. Fundamental limits are reached for scaled down mesoscopic devices which utilize conventional principles in order to ensure overall functionality. To enable overall performance and capabilities of sensing and processing devices, microscopic devices have being introduced. These devices operate utilizing quantum phenomena, and, must be examined using quantum mechanics. The fundamentals and device physics of microscopic and macroscopic devices are different. Engineered and natural microscopic photonic devices are examined in this paper.
Various macroscopic communication, energy harvesting, sensing and processing devices operate by absorbing and emitting photons. For these devices, the Bose distribution equation provides the density of states, probabilities and other essential quantities of the electromagnetic radiation field. Fundamental limits are reached for scaled down mesoscopic devices which utilize conventional principles in order to ensure overall functionality. To enable overall performance and capabilities of sensing and processing devices, microscopic devices have being introduced. These devices operate utilizing quantum phenomena, and, must be examined using quantum mechanics. The fundamentals and device physics of microscopic and macroscopic devices are different. Engineered and natural microscopic photonic devices are examined in this paper.
This paper examines various engineered and natural photonic and biophotonic systems. To analyze and design microscopic systems, we examine quantum phenomena which are exhibited and utilized. Quantum effects and photonic technology are widely used in biotechnology, communication, electronics, medicine and other applications. Basic research and discoveries in photonics and biophotonics are foundations of science and engineering in developing new knowledge bases, systems and technologies beyond currently available. Advances are needed in computer-brain interfacing, photoelectronics, optogenetics, neurophotonics, etc. With a focus on practical engineered devices, we perform quantum analysis and propose enabling solutions. Our three-fold objectives are: (1) Examine microscopic systems; (2) Study phenomena, effects and mechanisms possibly utilized by natural systems to accomplish sensing, communication and processing; (3) Devise novel microscopic systems by researching solutions which may enable a knowledge base and discover new sensing and processing capabilities comparable to exhibited by living organisms. Our transformative findings are substantiated by means of basic, applied and numerical studies which are consistent with experiments, biophysics and quantum mechanics.
For electronic, MEMS and electronic systems, we examine emerged technologies, research novel solutions and apply new transformative findings. To enable communication and processing schemes, nano and molecular technologies are applied. Transformative findings and developments are substantiated by analyzing and evaluating multi-physics microscopic systems. We advance physical foundations, engineering premises and information technology of classical, quantum and mixed sensing, communication and processing on quantum transductions. This paper examines fundamentals of quantum data processing on measurable and processable real-valued physical quantities. The developed paradigm: (1) Unifies and enables concepts of theoretical computer science, computer engineering and quantum mechanics; (2) Consistent with the first principles of quantum informatics, communication and processing; (3) Coherently examines device physics, switching algebra, processing arithmetics and calculus; (4) Enables practical microscopic hardware solutions for electronics, MEMS and electronic systems.
This paper studies fundamentals of quantum processing on measurable processable compatible observables in microscopic systems which undergo quantum state transitions. The aforementioned microscopic devices (processing primitives) form processing fabrics. We examine the premise of quantum processing by: (1) Unifying and enabling theoretical concepts of theoretical computer science, computer engineering and quantum mechanics; (2) Examining the first principles; (3) Researching device physics; (4) Fostering fundamentally-consistent and practical microscopic hardware solutions. Vertebrates and invertebrates exhibit extraordinary information processing which is performed by biomolecules and molecular aggregates. Information processing in natural systems has not been comprehended, while engineered quantum processing is an emerging paradigm. This paradigm focuses on developments of a great number of new solutions such as microscopic devices, processing arithmetics (calculi), system architectures, etc. The microscopic processing primitives must exhibit utilizable quantum-effect state transitions on observables which result in computable transforms from viewpoints of processing arithmetics, calculus and design. The reported paradigm: (i) Eases enormous challenges; (ii) Overcomes foremost inconsistencies of naive algorithmically-centric computing; (iii) Enables new inroads; (iv) Promises unprecedented processing capabilities ensuring far-reaching benchmarks; (v) Significant advances theory and practice of natural and engineered processing. Our findings support a broad spectrum of transformative research activities.
This paper studies fundamentals of classical, classical-quantum and quantum information technologies to advance sensing, data acquisition and computing. The overall goal is to define, analyze and evaluate classical and quantum-mechanical information measures pertained to data processing by low-power nanoelectronic devices, nanoICs, nano-waveguides, CMOS nanophotonics, etc. Electronic, optoelectronic and photonic systems operate on the electron- and photon-induced transductions. There are fundamental differences in physics, arithmetics, device- and system-level solutions as electrostatic and quantum phenomena are utilized. This paper analyzes multi-physics quantum↔classical processing. We enable a knowledge base in cognizant areas across computer science and engineering. Our findings enable existing and future communication, sensing, information fusion, computing and processing platforms. Consistent tools and practical schemes facilitate developments of novel engineering solutions, technical readiness, technological capabilities and commercialization capacities.
This paper examines physical, algorithmic and hardware fundamentals of quantum information processing which includes computing, coding, communication, data storage and other tasks. Practical processing by microscopic (atomic and molecular) systems can be accomplished only by using measurable real-valued physical variables (quantities). These variables should be quantum-mechanically achivable, algorithmically processable and hardware realizable. The theoretical results of quantum mechanics must be experimentally substantiated by observing controlled quantum state transitions, transductions and evolutions in dynamic microscopic systems. The microscopic devices form processing fabrics. We examine the premise of quantum processing by: (1) Unifying and enabling theoretical computer science, quantum information science and computer engineering; (2) Examining the first principles of quantum information processing at the device and system levels; (3) Developing algorithmic and design paradigms with consistent processing calculus and arithmetics; (4) Fostering consistent and practical microscopic hardware solutions.
Mesoscopic physics and nanoelectronics concentrate on systems with dimensions somewhere between atomic and everyday macroscopic scale. Modern technology enables construction of submicron nanostructures where modeling based on classical physics has proven inadequate. It is possible to design electric circuits where dynamics of single electrons and photons are controlled using state-of-the-art experimental methods. For quantitative understanding of these systems it is necessary to resort to a quantum-mechanical description. Quantum phenomena, such as tunneling and a wave-like interference of particles, are essential ingredients of physics in mesoscopic systems. Field of mesoscopic physics contains a rich variety of topics ranging from fundamental condensed matter physics to quantum information processing and possible future technological applications. \n \nThis thesis presents theoretical studies of mesoscopic quantum phenomena in nanostructures and small electronic devices. We have focused on effects of environment fluctuations and investigated connections between fluctuations and transport phenomena. Decoherence in quantum bits (qubits) and quantum state engineering in superconducting circuits are also studied. The theoretical analysis in each case requires an open-system treatment. \n \nEffects of current fluctuations on quantum probe systems have been studied in detail. We have calculated transitions induced by current noise and discussed how these could be used for characterization of fluctuations. We have also shown that electric fluctuations play a key role in radiation and photon heat transport in nanostructures. Motivated by recent advances in mesoscopic electron-photon systems, we have studied a response of a coupled resonator-qubit system, squeezing of quantum fluctuations in small superconducting circuits and investigated decoherence in Josephson flux qubits.