This paper studies fundamentals of classical, classical-quantum and quantum information technologies to advance sensing, data acquisition and computing. The overall goal is to define, analyze and evaluate classical and quantum-mechanical information measures pertained to data processing by low-power nanoelectronic devices, nanoICs, nano-waveguides, CMOS nanophotonics, etc. Electronic, optoelectronic and photonic systems operate on the electron- and photon-induced transductions. There are fundamental differences in physics, arithmetics, device- and system-level solutions as electrostatic and quantum phenomena are utilized. This paper analyzes multi-physics quantum↔classical processing. We enable a knowledge base in cognizant areas across computer science and engineering. Our findings enable existing and future communication, sensing, information fusion, computing and processing platforms. Consistent tools and practical schemes facilitate developments of novel engineering solutions, technical readiness, technological capabilities and commercialization capacities.
This paper studies fundamentals of classical, classical-quantum and quantum information technologies to advance sensing, data acquisition and computing. The overall goal is to define, analyze and evaluate classical and quantum-mechanical information measures pertained to data processing by low-power nanoelectronic devices, nanoICs, nano-waveguides, CMOS nanophotonics, etc. Electronic, optoelectronic and photonic systems operate on the electron- and photon-induced transductions. There are fundamental differences in physics, arithmetics, device- and system-level solutions as electrostatic and quantum phenomena are utilized. This paper analyzes multi-physics quantum↔classical processing. We enable a knowledge base in cognizant areas across computer science and engineering. Our findings enable existing and future communication, sensing, information fusion, computing and processing platforms. Consistent tools and practical schemes facilitate developments of novel engineering solutions, technical readiness, technological capabilities and commercialization capacities.
For electronic, MEMS and electronic systems, we examine emerged technologies, research novel solutions and apply new transformative findings. To enable communication and processing schemes, nano and molecular technologies are applied. Transformative findings and developments are substantiated by analyzing and evaluating multi-physics microscopic systems. We advance physical foundations, engineering premises and information technology of classical, quantum and mixed sensing, communication and processing on quantum transductions. This paper examines fundamentals of quantum data processing on measurable and processable real-valued physical quantities. The developed paradigm: (1) Unifies and enables concepts of theoretical computer science, computer engineering and quantum mechanics; (2) Consistent with the first principles of quantum informatics, communication and processing; (3) Coherently examines device physics, switching algebra, processing arithmetics and calculus; (4) Enables practical microscopic hardware solutions for electronics, MEMS and electronic systems.
This paper applies information theory to examine communication and processing in nanoscale and quantum optoelectronic systems. Classical, semiclassical and quantum information-theoretic analyses and measures are proposed and examined. The reported results and new findings enable practical technological solutions supported by nanoscaled microelectronics and optoelectronics. Our results may advance communication and processing schemes. We contribute to areas of a critical importance and significance, such as communication, data processing, biotechnology, neurophotonics, photonics, etc.
This paper examines various engineered and natural photonic and biophotonic systems. To analyze and design microscopic systems, we examine quantum phenomena which are exhibited and utilized. Quantum effects and photonic technology are widely used in biotechnology, communication, electronics, medicine and other applications. Basic research and discoveries in photonics and biophotonics are foundations of science and engineering in developing new knowledge bases, systems and technologies beyond currently available. Advances are needed in computer-brain interfacing, photoelectronics, optogenetics, neurophotonics, etc. With a focus on practical engineered devices, we perform quantum analysis and propose enabling solutions. Our three-fold objectives are: (1) Examine microscopic systems; (2) Study phenomena, effects and mechanisms possibly utilized by natural systems to accomplish sensing, communication and processing; (3) Devise novel microscopic systems by researching solutions which may enable a knowledge base and discover new sensing and processing capabilities comparable to exhibited by living organisms. Our transformative findings are substantiated by means of basic, applied and numerical studies which are consistent with experiments, biophysics and quantum mechanics.
This paper examines physical, algorithmic and hardware fundamentals of quantum information processing which includes computing, coding, communication, data storage and other tasks. Practical processing by microscopic (atomic and molecular) systems can be accomplished only by using measurable real-valued physical variables (quantities). These variables should be quantum-mechanically achivable, algorithmically processable and hardware realizable. The theoretical results of quantum mechanics must be experimentally substantiated by observing controlled quantum state transitions, transductions and evolutions in dynamic microscopic systems. The microscopic devices form processing fabrics. We examine the premise of quantum processing by: (1) Unifying and enabling theoretical computer science, quantum information science and computer engineering; (2) Examining the first principles of quantum information processing at the device and system levels; (3) Developing algorithmic and design paradigms with consistent processing calculus and arithmetics; (4) Fostering consistent and practical microscopic hardware solutions.
This report explores the profound and symbiotic relationship between quantum technology and classical electronics, highlighting their convergence as a transformative force in modern engineering and computation. It details how classical electronic systems are indispensable for the control, measurement, and operation of nascent quantum technologies—including quantum computing, communication, sensing, and simulation—particularly through advanced cryogenic and interface architectures. Concurrently, the inherent scaling limitations of classical electronics at the nano scale are driving innovation inspired by quantum mechanical principles, leading to the development of next-generation devices and the exploration of exotic quantum materials. The analysis addresses significant technical challenges such as noise, scalability, latency, and thermal management, alongside the immense economic and strategic opportunities presented by this frontier. Ultimately, the report projects a future defined by seamless quantum-classical hybrid systems, underscoring that the advancement of quantum technology is deeply reliant on breakthroughs in classical electronics, physics, and computer science. Quantum technology represents a transformative frontier that bridges fundamental physics, advanced electronics, and cutting-edge computer science. Rooted in the principles of quantum mechanics—such as superposition, entanglement, and tunneling—quantum technologies are reshaping how information is processed, transmitted, and measured. The interplay between physics provides the theoretical foundation, while electronics enables precise control and manipulation of quantum systems through devices like qubits and quantum sensors. Meanwhile, computer science contributes with algorithms, error correction, and software frameworks essential for quantum computation and communication. This interdisciplinary synergy is driving breakthroughs in quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum sensing, promising profound impacts on industries ranging from cybersecurity to materials science and artificial intelligence.
Quantum technologies harness the properties of controlled quantum mechanical systems for applications in computation, communication and metrology, and enable us to further our understanding of fundamental physics. Quantum hardware is designed to manipulate complex and fragile many-particle quantum states, which requires exquisite control machinery, advanced software and near-complete isolation from the surrounding environment. With sufficient capabilities, quantum computers with large registers of quantum bits will perform classically intractable calculations such as quantum chemistry simulations. Quantum key distribution will provide completely secure communications across the world and quantum metrology will enable measurement precision beyond today's capabilities. While quantum technologies are far from surpassing classical hardware today, the vision and potential impact has sparked a world-wide research effort, both theoretical and experimental, to develop a quantum computer. The most sophisticated current quantum technologies have control over small numbers of quantum bits and are limited by environmental decoherence processes. While progress in developing quantum hardware is ongoing, designing and demonstrating new algorithms and protocols for quantum information is a thriving research field. Photonics provides an ideal platform for small-scale proof-of-concept quantum experiments, which are the focus of this thesis. In the coming decades, we will see the realisation of quantum hardware capable of applications that outperform any classical computer. In this thesis, I present several protocols and algorithms for quantum information science and technology, which are implemented in quantum photonic experiments. The applications of these works include robust quantum tomography, quantum state relocation, quantum enhanced data recovery and probing fundamental causality in quantum mechanics. The works presented here are based on two photon experiments from a prototypical spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, which provides an excellent test-bed for quantum information experiments. Photons can be used to encode quantum information in a range of different degrees of freedom. This versatility, along with compatibility with existing technology gives photonics a great advantage in the development of quantum hardware.