Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Open Systems & Information Dynamics

Energy Levels of "Hydrogen Atom" in Discrete Time Dynamics

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov, Yaroslav Volovich

Published May 19, 2006• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze dynamical consequences of a conjecture that there exists a fundamental (indivisible) quant of time. In particular we study the problem of discrete energy levels of hydrogen atom. We are able to reconstruct potential which in discrete time formalism leads to energy levels of unperturbed hydrogen atom. We also consider linear energy levels of quantum harmonic oscillator and show how they are produced in the discrete time formalism. More generally, we show that in discrete time formalism finite motion in central potential leads to discrete energy spectrum, the property which is common for quantum mechanical theory. Thus deterministic (but discrete time!) dynamics is compatible with discrete energy levels.

DOI
10.1007/s11080-006-8219-8

Related papers

Energy Levels of “Hydrogen Atom” in Discrete Time Dynamics

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov

We analyze dynamical consequences of a conjecture that there exists a fundamental (indivisible) quant of time. In particular we study the problem of discrete energy levels of hydrogen atom. We are able to reconstruct potential which in discrete time formalism leads to energy levels of unperturbed hydrogen atom. We also consider linear energy levels of quantum harmonic oscillator and show how they are produced in the discrete time formalism. More generally, we show that in discrete time formalism finite motion in central potential leads to discrete energy spectrum, the property which is common for quantum mechanical theory. Thus deterministic (but discrete time!) dynamics is compatible with discrete energy levels.

arXiv:quant-ph/0604199•AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2006•3 citations

Interference as a statistical consequence of conjecture on time quant

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov, Yaroslav Volovich

We analyze statistical consequences of a conjecture that there exists a fundamental (indivisible) quant of time. We study particle dynamics with discrete time. We show that a quantum-like interference pattern could appear as a statistical effect for deterministic particles, i.e. particles that have trajectories and obey deterministic dynamical equations, if one introduces a discrete time. As a demonstration of this concept we consider particle scattering on a screen with a slit. We study how resulting interference picture depends on the parameters of the model. The resulting interference picture has a nontrivial minimum-maximum distribution which vanishes, as the time discreteness parameter goes to zero. This picture is qualitatively the same as one obtained in quantum experiments. The picture includes some interesting nonclassical properties such as a 'black' region behind the center of the slit.

arXiv:quant-ph/0309012•Aug 31, 2003•2 citations

The quantized discrete time oscillator

George Jaroszkiewicz

Introduction The quantized harmonic oscillator has proven to be perhaps the most important system in continuous time (CT) quantum mechanics (QM). It was the atomic oscillators assumed to line the containing walls of a black-body radiation field that Planck referred to when he postulated the quantization of energy in 1900 (Planck, 1900, 1901), thereby triggering the development of QM. Subsequently, the quantized harmonic oscillator resurfaced in many contexts, most notably in quantum optics and relativistic quantum field theory, including string theory. There are two reasons for the importance of the quantized oscillator: (i) it can be solved completely; and (ii) it has ladder operators that generate Planck's quantized energy levels in particle QM and particle-like states in relativistic quantum field theory. Temporal discretization does not destroy the properties of the oscillator. Rather, it enhances them. We shall show that the parabolic barrier encountered in the classical theory of the discrete time (DT) oscillator, which was discussed in the previous chapter, provides a natural upper bound for important physical quantities such as energy and momentum. In other words, the quantized DT oscillator has a natural cutoff. This may turn out to be of fundamental importance in the regularization (renormalization) of relativistic quantum field theories, where there exist immense problems related to the fact that the CT oscillator has no upper bound to its energy spectrum.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Apr 17, 2014•0 citations

Time Intervals of the Electron Transitions between the Energy States in the Hydrogen Atom Calculated in a Non-Probabilistic Way

Stanisław Olszewski

Definitions of the mechanical parameters entering the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom allowed us to calculate the time intervals connected with the electron transitions between the nearest-neighbouring energy levels in the atom. This is done in a strictly non-probabilistic way. The time results are compared with those derived earlier on the basis of the classical Joule-Lenz law for the energy emission adapted to the case of the electron transfer in the quantum systems. A similar formalism has been next applied to the harmonic oscillator and a particle moving in the one-dimensional potential box.

Journal of Modern Physics•Jan 1, 2019•4 citations

The Quantum Oscillatory Modulated Potential - Part II - The Stability of the Hydrogen Atom

Waldemar Wolney Filho

The purpose of this work is to show the stability of the hydrogen atom with the use the Quantum Oscillatory Modulated Potential and the Heisenberg equations of motion, postulating that the electron in the hydrogen atom is behaving as a quantum harmonic oscillator. With the electron confined between two potential barriers, created by the new potential function, we are considering that at absolute temperature the power absorbed or emitted by the electron per unit of time can be used to determine the zero point energy of the oscillator. Assuming that electron is only exchanging energy with the nucleus of the atom we are making use of the operators of creation and annihilation of a photon to explain how the energy between the proton and the electron can be exchanged to keep the atom a stable system.

Journal of Modern Physics•Jan 1, 2012•1 citation

Deriving Hydrogen Spectrum Based on a Classical Electron in a Quantized Coulomb Potential with Runge–Lenz Symmetry: An Alternative to the Standard Quantum Theory

Jau Tang

The hydrogen atom has historically played a foundational role in the development of quantum mechanics, where its discrete energy spectrum is conventionally derived from solutions of the Schrödinger wave equation. In this work we present an alternative formulation in which the hydrogen spectrum emerges without invoking the Schrödinger equation. We consider a semi-quantum framework in which the electron is treated as a classical particle governed by Poisson-bracket dynamics while interacting with a quantized electromagnetic field described using second quantization. The electron moves in the Coulomb potential generated by the proton and simultaneously couples to quantized electromagnetic modes through minimal coupling. The Coulomb system possesses a hidden dynamical symmetry characterized by the Runge–Lenz vector, which enlarges the rotational symmetry to an group for bound states. Within this framework, interactions between the classical particle and the quantized field induce an effective commutation structure in the particle’s phase space. Once this structure emerges, the algebra of the conserved quantities associated with the Runge–Lenz vector becomes identical to the operator algebra used in Pauli’s symmetry-based derivation of the hydrogen spectrum. Consequently, the discrete hydrogen energy levels arise naturally from the combined effects of Coulomb symmetry and particle–field interaction, offering a physically transparent interpretation of atomic quantization and suggesting that wave–particle duality may arise dynamically from interactions with quantized electromagnetic fields.

•May 1, 2026•0 citations
We analyze dynamical consequences of a conjecture that there exists a fundamental (indivisible) quant of time. In particular we study the problem of discrete energy levels of hydrogen atom. We are able to reconstruct potential which in discrete time formalism leads to energy levels of unperturbed hydrogen atom. We also consider linear energy levels of quantum harmonic oscillator and show how they are produced in the discrete time formalism. More generally, we show that in discrete time formalism finite motion in central potential leads to discrete energy spectrum, the property which is common for quantum mechanical theory. Thus deterministic (but discrete time!) dynamics is compatible with discrete energy levels.
We analyze dynamical consequences of a conjecture that there exists a fundamental (indivisible) quant of time. In particular we study the problem of discrete energy levels of hydrogen atom. We are able to reconstruct potential which in discrete time formalism leads to energy levels of unperturbed hydrogen atom. We also consider linear energy levels of quantum harmonic oscillator and show how they are produced in the discrete time formalism. More generally, we show that in discrete time formalism finite motion in central potential leads to discrete energy spectrum, the property which is common for quantum mechanical theory. Thus deterministic (but discrete time!) dynamics is compatible with discrete energy levels.
We analyze statistical consequences of a conjecture that there exists a fundamental (indivisible) quant of time. We study particle dynamics with discrete time. We show that a quantum-like interference pattern could appear as a statistical effect for deterministic particles, i.e. particles that have trajectories and obey deterministic dynamical equations, if one introduces a discrete time. As a demonstration of this concept we consider particle scattering on a screen with a slit. We study how resulting interference picture depends on the parameters of the model. The resulting interference picture has a nontrivial minimum-maximum distribution which vanishes, as the time discreteness parameter goes to zero. This picture is qualitatively the same as one obtained in quantum experiments. The picture includes some interesting nonclassical properties such as a 'black' region behind the center of the slit.
Introduction The quantized harmonic oscillator has proven to be perhaps the most important system in continuous time (CT) quantum mechanics (QM). It was the atomic oscillators assumed to line the containing walls of a black-body radiation field that Planck referred to when he postulated the quantization of energy in 1900 (Planck, 1900, 1901), thereby triggering the development of QM. Subsequently, the quantized harmonic oscillator resurfaced in many contexts, most notably in quantum optics and relativistic quantum field theory, including string theory. There are two reasons for the importance of the quantized oscillator: (i) it can be solved completely; and (ii) it has ladder operators that generate Planck's quantized energy levels in particle QM and particle-like states in relativistic quantum field theory. Temporal discretization does not destroy the properties of the oscillator. Rather, it enhances them. We shall show that the parabolic barrier encountered in the classical theory of the discrete time (DT) oscillator, which was discussed in the previous chapter, provides a natural upper bound for important physical quantities such as energy and momentum. In other words, the quantized DT oscillator has a natural cutoff. This may turn out to be of fundamental importance in the regularization (renormalization) of relativistic quantum field theories, where there exist immense problems related to the fact that the CT oscillator has no upper bound to its energy spectrum.
Definitions of the mechanical parameters entering the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom allowed us to calculate the time intervals connected with the electron transitions between the nearest-neighbouring energy levels in the atom. This is done in a strictly non-probabilistic way. The time results are compared with those derived earlier on the basis of the classical Joule-Lenz law for the energy emission adapted to the case of the electron transfer in the quantum systems. A similar formalism has been next applied to the harmonic oscillator and a particle moving in the one-dimensional potential box.
The purpose of this work is to show the stability of the hydrogen atom with the use the Quantum Oscillatory Modulated Potential and the Heisenberg equations of motion, postulating that the electron in the hydrogen atom is behaving as a quantum harmonic oscillator. With the electron confined between two potential barriers, created by the new potential function, we are considering that at absolute temperature the power absorbed or emitted by the electron per unit of time can be used to determine the zero point energy of the oscillator. Assuming that electron is only exchanging energy with the nucleus of the atom we are making use of the operators of creation and annihilation of a photon to explain how the energy between the proton and the electron can be exchanged to keep the atom a stable system.
The hydrogen atom has historically played a foundational role in the development of quantum mechanics, where its discrete energy spectrum is conventionally derived from solutions of the Schrödinger wave equation. In this work we present an alternative formulation in which the hydrogen spectrum emerges without invoking the Schrödinger equation. We consider a semi-quantum framework in which the electron is treated as a classical particle governed by Poisson-bracket dynamics while interacting with a quantized electromagnetic field described using second quantization. The electron moves in the Coulomb potential generated by the proton and simultaneously couples to quantized electromagnetic modes through minimal coupling. The Coulomb system possesses a hidden dynamical symmetry characterized by the Runge–Lenz vector, which enlarges the rotational symmetry to an group for bound states. Within this framework, interactions between the classical particle and the quantized field induce an effective commutation structure in the particle’s phase space. Once this structure emerges, the algebra of the conserved quantities associated with the Runge–Lenz vector becomes identical to the operator algebra used in Pauli’s symmetry-based derivation of the hydrogen spectrum. Consequently, the discrete hydrogen energy levels arise naturally from the combined effects of Coulomb symmetry and particle–field interaction, offering a physically transparent interpretation of atomic quantization and suggesting that wave–particle duality may arise dynamically from interactions with quantized electromagnetic fields.