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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Dynamic holograms in amplifying medium

Е. В. Ивакин, I. P. Petrovich, Alexander S. Rubanov, Boris I Stepanov

Published Jul 31, 1975• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An investigation was made of the formation of dynamic holograms in media with a negative absorption coefficient. Recording and/or reconstruction of a wave front under these conditions resulted in an increase of the intensity of the light fluxes. When feedback was sufficiently strong, a dynamic hologram (recorded in an excited system by spatial modulation of the gain) generated radiation with a specified spatial-temporal spectrum.

DOI
10.1070/qe1975v005n07abeh011572

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An investigation was made of the formation of dynamic holograms in media with a negative absorption coefficient. Recording and/or reconstruction of a wave front under these conditions resulted in an increase of the intensity of the light fluxes. When feedback was sufficiently strong, a dynamic hologram (recorded in an excited system by spatial modulation of the gain) generated radiation with a specified spatial-temporal spectrum.
The schemes of light beam transformations by volume dynamic holograms in resonant media revealing the fifth- or higher- order nonlinearities have been theoretically analyzed. N- wave mixing has been realized by changing of the propagation direction or read-out wave frequency in the solution of Rhodamine-6J dye and polymethine dye 3274U. It has been demonstrated that the experimental result are in good agreement with the theoretical data obtained for a three- level medium model with due regard to absorption form the excited singlet level.
One of the main advances of dynamical holography is the possibility to operate with coherent images in real-time experimental situation. Non-degenerate four-wave mixing has some advantages among different holographic methods because it gives the possibility to perform visualization of infra-red images or to convert visible radiation into ultra-violet region. In the work we study different schemes of frequency conversion of coherent images by thin and volume dynamic holograms nonlinearly formed in multilevel resonance media in conditions of non-degenerate four-wave mixing. The theoretical model of dynamic gratings formation in dye solutions based on coupled-wave equations has been developed. Experimental realization of frequency conversion of coherent images from infra-red to the visible and between different wavelengths of visible region has been performed. It has been shown that the criterion of hologram thickness is dependent on the optical density of medium and intensity of input radiation. The diffraction efficiency of dynamic gratings has been measured in conditions of optical bleaching and in the mode of strong absorption, enabling recording of thin gratings.
The results of theoretical and experimental investigations into degenerate and non-degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry-Perot microresonator with dye solution as a nonlinear medium are presented. It is shown that the efficiency of holographic methods for wave-front and frequency conversion may be considerably increased due to the use of recording of dynamic holograms in nonlinear interferometers. Spatial-temporal transformation of light beams for different configurations of interaction has been performed and the methods for control of energy efficiency of intracavity dynamics gratings are discussed.
The potentialities of diffraction methods for wavefront transformations may be considerably widened due to the use of nonlinear recording of dynamic holograms enabling multiwave mixing in media with the fifth and higher order nonlinearities. There is a great variety of such media including the resonant ones for which the presence of higher order nonlinearities is conditioned by the absorption saturation effect and transitions between different excited states of the molecules. However, in the majority of previous studies of multiwave mixing the resonant medium approximation has been used disregarding the induced anisotropy effect. This work presents a theoretical model and experimental studies of the energy efficiency of multiwave mixing in complex molecular media exhibiting higher order nonlinearities, in two cases: when the nonlinear cavity is introduced in the Fabry-Perot interferometer (IFP), and without it. Owing to the use of different combinations of mutually aligning polarizations for interacting waves, one is enabled to determine the contribution into the interaction efficiency by various dynamic gratings and nonlinearity mechanisms. The role of polarization gratings resultant from spatial modulation of the light field polarization state at the orthogonal polarization of the hologram recording waves has been established. Comparisons between the contributions of the above gratings and “normal” gratings recorded by identically polarized light beams into the process of multiwave mixing have demonstrated that the relation of these contributions is dependent on the intensity of interacting waves, and also it has been found that polarization of the diffracted wave is dependent on the diffraction order.
An investigation was made of the transient process of formation of volume dynamic holograms by light within the spectral limits of the D 2 resonant absorption line of sodium. The observed asymmetry of the spectral distribution of the gain of the signal waves in the case of a concurrent interaction between four beams was attributed to different mechanisms of the interaction, the main of which were a four-wave interaction in the long-wavelength wing and transient two-beam energy transfer in the short-wavelength wing. The results obtained were used to recommend an experimental method for the determination of the relative contributions of these processes to the amplification of signal waves.