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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Quantum dot single photon sources: prospects for applications in linear optics quantum computation

Alper Kıraz, Mete Atatüre, Ataç İmamoğlu

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that, in contrast to single photon sources based on incoherently pumped anharmonic emitters, a coherently pumped single photon source can simultaneously achieve high collection efficiency and indistinguishability of the generated photons.
DOI
10.1364/iqec.2004.img2

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An optical source that produces single-photon pulses on demand has potential applications in linear optics quantum computation, provided that stringent requirements on indistinguishability and collection efficiency of the generated photons are met. We show that these are conflicting requirements for anharmonic emitters that are incoherently pumped via reservoirs. As a model for a coherently pumped single photon source, we propose cavity-assisted spin-flip Raman transitions in a single electron charged quantum dot embedded in a microcavity. We demonstrate that using such a source, arbitrarily high collection efficiency and indistinguishability of the generated photons can be obtained simultaneously with increased cavity coupling. We analyze the role of errors that arise from distinguishability of the single-photon pulses in linear optics quantum gates by relating the gate fidelity to the strength of the two-photon interference dip in photon cross-correlation measurements. We find that performing controlled phase operations with error <1<1\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%<1 requires nanocavities with Purcell factors ${F}_{P}\ensuremath{\geqslant}40$ in the absence of dephasing, without necessitating the strong coupling limit.
A single photon source is an enabling technology in device-independent quantum communication, quantum simulation, linear optics-based and measurement-based quantum computing. These applications employ many photons and place stringent requirements on the efficiency of single photon creation. The scaling on efficiency is typically an exponential function of the number of photons. Schemes taking full advantage of quantum superposition also depend sensitively on the coherence of the photons, i.e. their indistinguishability. \nThis thesis reports a single-photon source with a high end-to-end efficiency. We employ gated quantum dots in an open, tunable microcavity. The gating provides control of the charge and electrical tuning of the emission frequency, the high-quality material and careful design of the system ensures low noise, and the tunability of the microcavity compensates for the lack of control in quantum dot position and emission frequency. Transmission through the top mirror is the dominant escape route for photons from the microcavity, and this output is well-matched to a single-mode fiber. With this design, we can create a single photon at the output of the final optical fiber on-demand with a probability of 57% and with an average two-photon interference visibility of 97.5%. Coherence persists in trains of thousands of photons with single photon creation at a repetition rate of 1 GHz.
Summary form only given. Single-photon sources have recently been demonstrated using a variety of devices, including molecules, mesoscopic quantum wells, colour centers, trapped ions, and semiconductor quantum dots. These sources rarely emit two or more photons in the same pulse, compared to a Poisson-distributed source of the same intensity. Numerous applications for single-photon sources have been proposed in the field of quantum information. However, most, including linear-optical quantum computation, also require that consecutive photons have identical wave packets. For a source based on a single quantum emitter, the emitter must therefore be excited in a rapid or deterministic way, and interact little with its surrounding environment. Here, we test the indistinguishability of photons emitted by a semiconductor quantum dot in a microcavity through a Hong-Ou-Mandel-type two-photon interference experiment. We find that consecutive photons are largely indistinguishable, with a mean wave-packet overlap as large as 0.81, making this source useful in a variety of experiments in quantum optics and quantum information.
On-demand single photon sources with a high purity and indistinguishability are the key component for many quantum applications such as quantum cryptography, quantum computation and quantum metrology [1]. Quantum dots, which are usually pumped with picosecond titanium sapphire (Ti:Sa) lasers, have recently proven to be an excellent source for these single photons [2]. However, the use of Ti:Sa lasers requires an in-depth expertise of laser alignment, bulky cooling devices and a stabilized optical table, restraining the application of the generated single photons.