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Physical Review A

Efficient frequency up-conversion in resonant coherent media

Alexander S. Zibrov, Mikhail D. Lukin, Leo W. Hollberg, Marlan O. Scully

Published Apr 24, 2002• 139 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate an efficient frequency up-conversion based on generation of large atomic coherence in a cascade system. Two infrared, low power laser fields tuned to the vicinity of the two-photon transition in Rb vapor were converted spontaneously into infrared and blue radiation. Extension of the technique into other spectral regions using highly excited states seems feasible.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.051801

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We demonstrate an efficient frequency up-conversion based on generation of large atomic coherence in a cascade system. Two infrared, low power laser fields tuned to the vicinity of the two-photon transition in Rb vapor were converted spontaneously into infrared and blue radiation. Extension of the technique into other spectral regions using highly excited states seems feasible.
We demonstrate highly efficient generation of coherent 420 nm light via up-conversion of near-infrared lasers in a hot rubidium vapor cell. By optimizing pump polarizations and frequencies we achieve a single-pass conversion efficiency of 260% per Watt, significantly higher than in previous experiments. A full exploration of the coherent light generation and fluorescence as a function of both pump frequencies reveals that coherent blue light is generated close to (85)Rb two-photon resonances, as predicted by theory, but at high vapor pressure is suppressed in spectral regions that do not support phase matching or exhibit single-photon Kerr refraction. Favorable scaling of our current 1 mW blue beam power with additional pump power is predicted.
Mid-infrared radiation at 5.23 µm is used to probe the population-inverted 5D 5/2 →6P 3/2 transition in rubidium atoms, key to a widely studied frequency up-conversion scheme that produces coherent blue light. We find that resonant probe light significantly changes the optical properties of the inverted medium, which exhibits high optical gain. The gain has a complex sensitivity to factors such as pump laser detuning, beam alignment, and atomic density. The results are an important step toward characterizing new optical field generation in alkali atoms.
Utilizing two-photon excitation in hot Rb vapor we demonstrate the generation of collimated optical fields at 420 and 1324 nm. Input laser beams at 780 and 776 nm enter a heated Rb vapor cell collinear and circularly polarized, driving Rb atoms to the 5D(5/2) state. Under phase-matching conditions coherence among the 5S(1/2)→5P(3/2)→5D(5/2)→6P(3/2) transitions produces a blue (420 nm) beam by four-wave mixing. We also observe a forward and backward propagating IR (1324 nm) beam, due to cascading decays through the 6S(1/2)→5(1/2) states. Power saturation of the generated beams is investigated by scaling the input powers to greater than 200 mW, resulting in a coherent blue beam of 9.1 mW power, almost an order of magnitude larger than previously achieved. We measure the dependences of both beams in relation to the Rb density, the frequency detuning between Rb ground-state hyperfine levels, and the input laser intensities.
A scheme was proposed to construct bilinear and quadratic Hamiltonians for frequency up-and down-conversions in cavity quantum electrodynamics(QED).Generally,in nonlinear optics,the interaction that the energe swaps between different optic modes without atomic transition is named frequency conversion.The proposed scheme was based on the interactions of a single four-level atom simultaneously with two classical driving fields and a two-mode cavity field,which is in the domain of four-wave mixing.By initially preparing the atom in a suitable state,each pump light was resonant with its transition,and two quantum modes were large tune to the other two transition,respectively,In the strong laser regime,the atomic degrees of freedom could be decoupled from the cavity degrees of freedom and the frequency conversion could be realized for the cavity modes.Due to the different initial states and interactions between optic fields and atom,frequency up-and down-conversions arose,respectively.After the preparation of squeezed operation respect to Frequency down-conversion,a discussion on the feasibility of experiment was given and the theoretical value was obtained.The advantage of this proposal is to realize the transition using two cascade photons,which is dipole-forbidden in a cascade structure atom,with high efficiency.The proposal will be useful for optical quantum control and fundamental tests of quantum theory.