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Physical Review A

Spectral distinguishability in ultrafast parametric down-conversion

Warren P. Grice, Reinhard K. Erdmann, Ian A. Walmsley, David A. Branning

Published Apr 1, 1998• 81 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a fourth-order interference experiment in which pairs of photons produced in parametric down-conversion pumped by short optical pulses interfere in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. The visibility of the interference pattern is reduced for larger pump bandwidths. This effect can be understood in terms of the spectral distinguishability of the photon pairs. The interference can be restored by blocking the distinguishing information with a spectral filter.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.r2289

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We report a fourth-order interference experiment in which pairs of photons produced in parametric down-conversion pumped by short optical pulses interfere in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. The visibility of the interference pattern is reduced for larger pump bandwidths. This effect can be understood in terms of the spectral distinguishability of the photon pairs. The interference can be restored by blocking the distinguishing information with a spectral filter.
Theory and experiment of two-photon lquotlquotlquotdirectrquotrquotrquot interference for type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion with an ultrafast pulse laser pump
Fourth-order spatial interference of entangled photon pairs generated in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion pumped by a femtosecond pulse laser has been performed for the first time. In theory, it takes into account the transverse correlation between the two photons and is used to calculate the dependence of the visibility of the interference pattern obtained in Young’s double-slit experiment. In this experiment, a short focal length lens and two narrow band interference filters were adopted to eliminate the effects of the broadband pump laser and improve the visibility of the interference pattern under the condition of nearly collinear light and degenerate phase matching.
Heralded single photons (HSPs) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are useful resource to achieve various photonic quantum information processing. Given a large-scale experiment which needs multiple HSPs, increasing the generation rate with suppressing higher-order pair creation is desirable. One of the promising ways is to use a pump laser with a GHz-order repetition rate. In such a high repetition rate regime, however, single-photon detectors can only partially identify the pulses. Hence, we develop a simple model to consider that effect on the spectral purity, and experimentally demonstrate a high-visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two independent HSPs generated by SPDC with 3.2 GHz-repetition-rate mode-locked pump pulses. The observed visibility of 0.88(3) is in good agreement with our theoretical model.
We study the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer in the regime of spontaneous parametric down-conversion with high pump beam power at the crystal. In this regime one and two photons from a pump pulsed laser beam generate one and two pairs of photons, respectively. These photons are then directed to the beam splitter of the interferometer and detected at its exit in coincidence. An interesting phenomenon is observed: The reduction of the visibility of the Hong-Ou-Mandel coincidence peak (or dip) with the increase of pump power. We study the relation between the visibility of the fourth-order interference pattern and the power of the pumping laser beam for type I and type II phase-matching crystals. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.