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Advances in Condensed Matter Physics

Phase- and Polarization-Controlled Two-Photon Rabi Oscillation of the Biexciton State in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot

Er-Lin Sun, Donghai Feng, Tianqing Jia

Published Jan 1, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Under a degenerate two-photon resonant excitation, the Rabi oscillation of the four-level biexciton system in a semiconductor quantum dot is theoretically investigated. The influence of the laser phases on the state manipulation is modeled and numerically calculated. Due to the interference between different excitation paths, the laser phase plays an important role and can be utilized as an alternate control knob to coherently manipulate the biexciton state. The phase control can be facilely implemented by changing the light polarization via a quarter-wave plate.

DOI
10.1155/2014/219381

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Under a degenerate two-photon resonant excitation, the Rabi oscillation of the four-level biexciton system in a semiconductor quantum dot is theoretically investigated. The influence of the laser phases on the state manipulation is modeled and numerically calculated. Due to the interference between different excitation paths, the laser phase plays an important role and can be utilized as an alternate control knob to coherently manipulate the biexciton state. The phase control can be facilely implemented by changing the light polarization via a quarter-wave plate.
We provide a theoretical study for the dynamical behavior of two-photon Rabi oscillations in two coupled quantum dots. Each dot is a three-level quantum system (ground, one-exciton, and biexciton states). We describe the optical dynamics within the density matrix formalism framework. The two-photon Rabi oscillations are found to be significantly affected by the strength of the interdot dipolar interaction. Using a detuned laser pulse with an exciton state of the driven quantum dot in our numerical simulations, a direct coherent excitation between the biexciton states can be established, but whether Rabi oscillations can be observed depend mainly on the strength of the dipolar interaction and bandwidth of the excitation laser. When the strength of the dipolar coupling is less than the excitation laser bandwidth, the time-dependent populations of the various two biexciton states of the system exhibit coherent oscillations with several frequencies. However, as we increase the dipolar coupling strength, the population transfer between the quantum dots levels amazingly becomes forbidden, and the excitation gets trapped at the initial state. The reduction of the influence of the dipolar interaction leads to a manipulation of two-photon Rabi oscillation in an ultrashort timescale (∼ps), opening possibilities to achieve ultrafast quantum state control and quantum logic gate generation.
The paper discusses coherent control of charge and spin states of a biexciton system in a quantum dot via coherent two-photon transitions. Rabi oscillations between the ground state of a quantum dot and the biexciton state, as well as oscillations between the two single-exciton states induced by laser pulses with different circular or linear polarizations are studied. The effect of phonon-induced decoherence on these processes is described. System properties and driving conditions that lead to optimal coherent control are identified. It is shown that proper optimization allows one to control the two-qubit biexciton system via two-photon transitions with a high fidelity.
Interaction of light with atomic-like solid-state systems, such as semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with discrete energy levels, is key for the implementation of high-speed quantum gates and information processing in semiconductor-based devices. Of particular interest are degenerate multiwave-mixing processes under resonant conditions that establish strong light–matter interactions beyond the limits of perturbative nonlinear optics. Here, we exploit a multitude of picosecond optical pulses to manipulate the unitary evolution of excitons in (In,Ga)As QDs and address the role of resonance detuning in an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble. In particular, we use the two-pulse photon echo sequence to uncover the coherent dynamics of charged excitons, whereas the areas of two additional control pulses serve as tuning knobs for adjusting the magnitude and timing of the coherent emission in a wide range up to several hundred of picoseconds. Furthermore, we make use of the spin degeneracy of the ground and excited states of charged QDs to control the polarization state of the emitted light. We reveal that control pulses, whose durations are comparable to the dephasing time of the ensemble, lead to a temporal sorting of optical multiwave-mixing processes, which is in accordance with the developed theoretical model. Lifting the temporal degeneracy allows us to smoothly trace the transition from the perturbative to the regime of Rabi rotations and opens up new possibilities for the optical investigation of complex energy-level structures in so far unexplored material systems.
We demonstrate control over the spin state of a semiconductor quantum dot exciton using a polarized picosecond laser pulse slightly detuned from a biexciton resonance. The control pulse follows an earlier pulse, which generates an exciton and initializes its spin state as a coherent superposition of its two nondegenerate eigenstates. The control pulse preferentially couples one component of the exciton state to the biexciton state, thereby rotating the exciton's spin direction. We detect the rotation by measuring the polarization of the exciton spectral line as a function of the time difference between the two pulses. We show experimentally and theoretically how the angle of rotation depends on the detuning of the second pulse from the biexciton resonance.
We theoretically investigate the influence of dynamic Coulomb interaction on optical bistability and Rabi oscillations in a driven two-level semiconductor quantum dot system under laser irradiation. Using density matrix equations derived from the Coulomb-interaction model proposed by Lu et al. [Phys. Rev. A 103, 043504 (2021)], we obtain analytical solutions for population inversion under the rotating wave approximation. Our analysis shows that the Coulomb interaction induces optical bistability, governed by a cubic equation. The thresholds and the shapes of the hysteresis loops are tunable and can be controlled by various parameters, including electron density, confinement potential, detuning, and dephasing. Additionally, our numerical simulations demonstrate the potential for achieving high-efficiency population inversion and predicting bifurcation and anharmonic regimes in Rabi oscillations under monochromatic excitation.
Biexcitonic polarization excited in a ZnSe quantum well is coherently controlled with a pair of phase-locked laser pulses. The coherent control of this four-particle correlation is directly verified by observing a spectrally resolved four-wave-mixing signal in direction of the first order of diffraction of the pulse pair. By using polarization selection rules for the generation of biexcitons and changing the interpulse delay of the pulse pair the oscillations of the four-wave-mixing signal are studied at the energetic position of the excitonic as well as the biexcitonic resonance. The excitonic and biexcitonic signals exhibit a phase shift in dependence on the interpulse delay which clearly indicates the separate coherent control of the excitonic and biexcitonic polarization.