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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Q -Deformed Bosons at Quasi-classical Limit of SO(3)

Zhang Li, Gao Yibo, Yanmin Li

Published Mar 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When a boson interacts with another to form a composite system with SO(3) dynamic symmetry, it is shown that there exists the q-deformed bosonic excitation satisfying the q-deformed Heisenberg commutation relation in the quasi-classical limit that the angular momentum j for SO(3) is large, but not infinite. In second quantization this quasi-excitation is associated with the boson realization of SO(3) Lie algebra. Physically, the phenomena of q-deformed excitation can happen in many models of quantum dynamics, such as super emission from a system of many identical two-level atoms, the spin wave in Heisenberg chain, the high spin precession and the coherent output of Bose–Einstein atoms in a trap. Especially, in these models, the deformation parameter q is well defined intrinsically by a conservative quantity, such as the total atomic number and the angular momentum.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/51/3/01

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When a boson interacts with another to form a composite system with SO(3) dynamic symmetry, it is shown that there exists the q-deformed bosonic excitation satisfying the q-deformed Heisenberg commutation relation in the quasi-classical limit that the angular momentum j for SO(3) is large, but not infinite. In second quantization this quasi-excitation is associated with the boson realization of SO(3) Lie algebra. Physically, the phenomena of q-deformed excitation can happen in many models of quantum dynamics, such as super emission from a system of many identical two-level atoms, the spin wave in Heisenberg chain, the high spin precession and the coherent output of Bose–Einstein atoms in a trap. Especially, in these models, the deformation parameter q is well defined intrinsically by a conservative quantity, such as the total atomic number and the angular momentum.
It is shown that q-deformed quantum mechanics (systems with q-deformed Heisenberg commutation relations) can be interpreted as an ordinary quantum mechanics on Kähler manifolds, or as a quantum theory with second (or first)-class constraints. 1. The q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebras [1], [2] exhibiting the quantum group symmetries [3],[4] have attracted much attention of physicists and mathematicians. In particular, some works have been devoted to establishing potentials for ordinary quantum systems which exhibit a q-deformed energy spectrum (see, for example, [5] and references therein) in order to obtain classical dynamical systems associated with the q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebras. In the present paper, we analyze the correspondence limit, when ¯h → 0 (rather than q → 1), of multimode q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebras [1], [2] regardless of the specific form of a Hamiltonian. We show that classical systems associated with the q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebras in this way possess a non-trivial symplectic structure which, in turn, is related to the Kähler symplectic structure [6]. From the other hand, a natural (physical) reason for a dynamical system to have a nontrivial symplectic structure is the existence of ”frozen ” , non-dynamical degrees of freedom or, in other words, constraints [7]. Dirac pointed out that a nontrivial symplectic structure might naturally occur in dynamical systems through second-class constraints [7]. We shall demonstrate below how constrained dynamics can be associated with the q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebra. As was shown in [8], a non-commutative phase space does not necessarily emerges in the formal classical limit of q-deformed quantum mechanics, provided the deformation parameter q is a function of the Planck constant. In the latter case, q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebras yield quadratic symplectic structures on a commutative phase space. For example, the one-mode q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebra defined by the commutation relation ˆ b ˆ b − q
The concept of quasi-bosons or composite bosons (like mesons, excitons etc.) has a wide range of potential physical applications. Even composed of two pure fermions, the quasi-boson creation and annihilation operators satisfy non-standard commutation relations. It is natural to try to realize the quasi-boson operators by the operators of deformed (nonlinear) oscillator, the latter constituting widely studied field of modern quantum physics. In this paper, it is proved that the deformed oscillators which realize quasi-boson operators in a consistent way really exist. The conditions for such realization are derived, and the uniqueness of the family of deformations under consideration is shown.
All classical Lie algebras can be realized a la Schwinger (1965) in terms of fermionic oscillators. We show that the same can be done for their q-deformed counterparts by simply replacing the fermionic oscillators with anyonic ones defined on a two-dimensional lattice. The deformation parameter q is a phase related to the anyonic statistical parameter. A crucial role in this construction is played by a sort of bosonization formula which gives the generators of the quantum algebras in terms of the undeformed ones. The entire procedure works even on one-dimensional chains; in such a case q can also be real.
In this body of work, we will examine two classes of Lie algebra deformations and their appli- cation to the exact solutions of various quantum integrable systems. The first class of Lie algebra deformations are polynomial deformations of the A1 Lie algebra. We construct unitary representations of these algebras in terms of bosonic and spin operators as well as obtain their single-variable differential operator realizations. Using these results, we obtain the exact Bethe ansatz solutions of a variety of quantum integrable systems such as the Bose-Hubbard and Tavis-Cummings model. The second class of Lie algebra deformations are the so-called quasi-Gaudin algebra. This algebra was introduced to construct integrable systems which are only quasi-exactly solvable. Using a suitable representation this algebra, we obtain partial solutions for a class of bosonic models which do not preserve U(1) symmetry
We investigate the quantum state transfer in a chain of particles satisfying q-deformed oscillators algebra. This general algebraic setting includes the spin chain and the bosonic chain as limiting cases. We study conditions for perfect state transfer depending on the number of sites and excitations on the chain. They are formulated by means of irreducible representations of a quantum algebra realized through Jordan-Schwinger maps. Playing with deformation parameters, we can study the effects of nonlinear perturbations or interpolate between the spin and bosonic chain.