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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Resonance electron-atom scattering in a strong electromagnetic field

V A Pazdzersky, V I Usachenko, Alexander B Voitkiv

Published Nov 14, 1990• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Cross sections for resonance (elastic and inelastic) scattering of an electron by the atomic system in a strong electromagnetic (EM) field of frequency omega have been determined for the initial electron-atom system energy E approximately= in a+ omega where in a is the energy of the autoionising state (AIS). The case of scattering when apart from the AIS the spectrum of a system comprises a bound discrete state that is mixed with the AIS by the EM field has been considered as well.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/23/21/027

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Cross sections for resonance (elastic and inelastic) scattering of an electron by the atomic system in a strong electromagnetic (EM) field of frequency omega have been determined for the initial electron-atom system energy E approximately= in a+ omega where in a is the energy of the autoionising state (AIS). The case of scattering when apart from the AIS the spectrum of a system comprises a bound discrete state that is mixed with the AIS by the EM field has been considered as well.
Resonance electron-positive ion scattering in the presence of a strong electromagnetic field at an initial energy of colliding particles close to the energy of their autoionizing state and a field frequency resonant to the frequency of the transition between autoionizing and Rydberg states of the system was investigated. The resulting cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering (accompanied by forced absorption of a photon) exhibit a pronounced resonance structure, strongly dependent on the electromagnetic field parameters and those of the electron-ion system under consideration.
In the first paper of this series a formal theory of atomic scattering of electrons in the presence of an intense electromagnetic field was given. Cross sections, near the forward direction, between atomic states (modified by the laser) were obtained. However, it was assumed that the atom could not emit spontaneous radiation. In this paper the effect of spontaneous radiation is included, and it is shown that in most cases the measured cross section will be a weighted average of the two different cross sections starting from the two different initial states which are those atomic states resonantly linked by the laser. The Born approximation for the scattering is obtained, and it is shown that for the simplest description of the spontaneous radiation field the effect of the laser on the cross sections is simply to multiply them by a factor which depends upon the laser detuning.
Electrons are scattered elastically by caesium atoms in a crossed-beam experiment. The dependence of the cross section on collision energy and scattering angle has been measured; the collision energies studied are in the range from 0.8 to 20 eV. Resonant structures are observed in the elastic cross section at an energy of 1.49 eV and around the 6 2 P 1/2 threshold at 1.39 eV. It is believed that the 1.49 eV resonance is due to an autoionising F state of Cs - which is consistent with theoretical predictions. The angular distributions of the elastic cross section agree satisfactorily with theory for collision energies below 2 eV. At higher energies larger deviations from theory are observed.
Electron-atom ionisation in the presence of a resonant EM field is considered theoretically, taking the hydrogen atom as an example. The radiation field is taken to have a frequency matching the 1s-2p transition frequency. The theoretical treatment is based on the Coulomb-Born wave approximation and on the two-level atom model. The physical picture arising from the resulting field-assisted triple differential cross section (TDC) is that of ionisation events taking place simultaneously from the ground and the excited 2p states, the role of the radiation field being mainly that of pumping target atoms.
Dressed states of an atom in a classical laser field of frequency close to an atomic transition frequency are obtained, which are a considerable improvement over the usual two-level rotating-wave approximation. These wave functions are used in a calculation of the cross section for elastic electron-atom scattering in a laser field. Numerical calculations for electron-hydrogen scattering demonstrate that scattering involving absorption or emission of photons can be strongly influenced by coupling to the nonresonant states, regardless of the field strength. Inclusion of the counter-rotating terms in the calculation is shown to be essential for extending the applicability of the theory to scattering in nonresonant fields, where a first-order perturbation-theoretic treatment of the atom-field interaction would be expected to be quite justified.
This first complement is devoted to a completely classical approach of lightmatter interaction which was proposed by Lorentz at the end of the nineteenth century, before the advent of quantum mechanics, but after the discovery of the electron. Lorentz' phenomenological model is based on the experimental fact that atoms have well-defined and sharp absorption lines: he assumed that atoms behaved like harmonic oscillators, in which the electrons are bound to the atomic nucleus by a restoring force which varies linearly with its displacement (from its equilibrium point close to a nucleus), and makes them oscillate at a given frequency ω 0 equal to the experimentally determined absorption frequency. Within the frame of this model, we first calculate the electromagnetic field radiated by an oscillating electron. We show that in the absence of an externally applied force the free oscillations of the electron are damped, because electromagnetic energy is radiated at the expense of mechanical energy. We then study the characteristics of the radiation that is emitted when the oscillations are forced by the application of an external oscillatory electromagnetic field of angular frequency ω. We characterize the different regimes of this scattering of the incident electromagnetic wave and finally determine the polarization induced in the atomic medium by the incident electromagnetic wave. The Lorentz model can be considered as a lowest order approximation to a description of the light–matter interaction, a better approximation being the semi-classical treatment presented in Chapter 2, and the rigorous treatment being the completely quantum mechanical model presented in Chapter 6.