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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Nonlinear spectroscopy of atom gases in elliptically polarized fields

Denis V. Brazhnikov, А. В. Тайченачев, Anatolii M Tumaikin, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published Mar 2, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Nonlinear Doppler-free spectroscopy of atom gases in counterpropagating light waves is investigated. We consider a general case of elliptic polarizations and the energy level degeneracy. New results are obtained in comparison with cases of linear and circular wave polarizations. It is shown that nonlinear resonance versus the light wave detuning has asymmetry and shift for elliptic polarizations.

DOI
10.1117/12.677918

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Nonlinear Doppler-free spectroscopy of atom gases in counterpropagating light waves is investigated. We consider a general case of elliptic polarizations and the energy level degeneracy. New results are obtained in comparison with cases of linear and circular wave polarizations. It is shown that nonlinear resonance versus the light wave detuning has asymmetry and shift for elliptic polarizations.
The saturated absorption resonance in an atomic gas in the field of counterpropagating light waves with an arbitrary elliptical polarization is investigated. A conclusion about the peculiarities of the resonance shape is drawn from a general analysis of the symmetry of the problem. In particular, a new effect has been found: the polarization parameters of the light waves can lead to an asymmetry and shift of the resonance. These conclusions are corroborated by an approximate analytical solution for the F g = 1 → F e = 2 transition and by numerical calculations. Apart from their fundamental importance, the results obtained can have important applications in metrology (frequency and time standards).
The resonance of saturated absorption in counterpropagating light fields is experimentally and theoretically studied. We focus on two cases: parallel and linearly polarized waves, driving an open dipole transition and the general case of elliptically polarized waves, driving closed dipole transition. The former reveals a new Doppler-free resonance as a peak within the saturated-absorption dip. The latter case reveals a new polarization effect, causing a shift and asymmetry of the saturated-absorption resonance. The results obtained can be found useful in metrology.
The resonance of saturated absorption in counterpropagating light fields is experimentally and theoretically studied. We focus on two cases: parallel and linearly polarized waves, driving an open dipole transition and the general case of elliptically polarized waves, driving closed dipole transition. The former reveals a new Doppler-free resonance as a peak within the saturated-absorption dip. The latter case reveals a new polarization effect, causing a shift and asymmetry of the saturated-absorption resonance. The results obtained can be found useful in metrology.
We develop a field-nonlinear theory of sub-Doppler spectroscopy in a gas of two-level atoms, based on a self-consistent solution of the Maxwell-Bloch equations in the mean field and single-atom density matrix approximations. This makes it possible to correctly take into account the effects caused by the free motion of atoms in a gas, which lead to a nonlinear dependence of the spectroscopic signal on the atomic density even in the absent of a direct interatomic interaction (e.g., dipole-dipole interaction). Within the framework of this approach, analytical expressions for the light field were obtained for an arbitrary number of resonant waves and arbitrary optical thickness of a gas medium. Sub-Doppler spectroscopy in the transmission signal for two counterpropagating and co-propagating waves has been studied in detail. A previously unknown red shift of a narrow sub-Doppler resonance is predicted in a counterpropagating waves scheme, when the frequency of one wave is fixed and the frequency of the other wave is varied. The magnitude of this shift depends on the atomic density and can be more than an order of magnitude greater than the known shift from the interatomic dipole-dipole interaction (Lorentz-Lorenz shift). The found effects, caused by the free motion of atoms, require a significant revision of the existing picture of spectroscopic effects depending on the density of atoms in a gas. Apart of fundamental aspect, obtained results are important for precision laser spectroscopy and optical atomic clocks.
We develop a field-nonlinear theory of sub-Doppler spectroscopy in a gas of two-level atoms, based on a self-consistent solution of the Maxwell-Bloch equations in the mean-field and single-atom density-matrix approximations. This makes it possible to correctly take into account the effects caused by the free motion of atoms in a gas, which lead to a nonlinear dependence of the spectroscopic signal on the atomic density even in the absence of a direct interatomic interaction (e.g., dipole-dipole interaction). Within the framework of this approach, analytical expressions for the light field were obtained for an arbitrary number of resonant waves and arbitrary optical thickness of a gas medium. Sub-Doppler spectroscopy in the transmission signal for two counterpropagating and copropagating waves has been studied in detail. A previously unknown redshift of a narrow sub-Doppler resonance is predicted in a counterpropagating waves scheme, when the frequency of one wave is fixed and the frequency of the other wave is varied. The magnitude of this shift depends on the atomic density and can be more than an order of magnitude greater than the known shift from the interatomic dipole-dipole interaction (Lorentz-Lorenz shift). The found effects, caused by the free motion of atoms, require a significant revision of the existing picture of spectroscopic effects depending on the density of atoms in a gas. Apart from the fundamental aspect, obtained results are important for precision laser spectroscopy and optical atomic clocks.
The resonance of saturated absorption in counterpropagating light fields is experimentally and theoretically studied. We focus on a case of parallel and linearly polarized waves, driving an open dipole transition in rubidium vapor. A new Doppler-free resonance within the saturated-absorption dip is revealed. The phenomenon can be gained only in absorption of strong wave in presence of weak one. The effect can not be explained basing on the previously known reasons. The results obtained can be found useful in metrology for the frequency and time standards.