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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

New Doppler-free resonance in counterpropagating light waves

Sergei A. Zibrov, Leonid A. Sidorenkov, Peter A. Siushev, Vitaliy V. Vasil'ev, Vladimir L Velichansky, Denis V. Brazhnikov, А. В. Тайченачев, Anatolii M Tumaikin, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published Jul 17, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The resonance of saturated absorption in counterpropagating light fields is experimentally and theoretically studied. We focus on a case of parallel and linearly polarized waves, driving an open dipole transition in rubidium vapor. A new Doppler-free resonance within the saturated-absorption dip is revealed. The phenomenon can be gained only in absorption of strong wave in presence of weak one. The effect can not be explained basing on the previously known reasons. The results obtained can be found useful in metrology for the frequency and time standards.

DOI
10.1117/12.793976

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Journal of Modern Physics•Jan 1, 2013•1 citation
The resonance of saturated absorption in counterpropagating light fields is experimentally and theoretically studied. We focus on a case of parallel and linearly polarized waves, driving an open dipole transition in rubidium vapor. A new Doppler-free resonance within the saturated-absorption dip is revealed. The phenomenon can be gained only in absorption of strong wave in presence of weak one. The effect can not be explained basing on the previously known reasons. The results obtained can be found useful in metrology for the frequency and time standards.
The resonance of saturated absorption in counterpropagating light fields is experimentally and theoretically studied. We focus on two cases: parallel and linearly polarized waves, driving an open dipole transition and the general case of elliptically polarized waves, driving closed dipole transition. The former reveals a new Doppler-free resonance as a peak within the saturated-absorption dip. The latter case reveals a new polarization effect, causing a shift and asymmetry of the saturated-absorption resonance. The results obtained can be found useful in metrology.
The resonance of saturated absorption in counterpropagating light fields is experimentally and theoretically studied. We focus on two cases: parallel and linearly polarized waves, driving an open dipole transition and the general case of elliptically polarized waves, driving closed dipole transition. The former reveals a new Doppler-free resonance as a peak within the saturated-absorption dip. The latter case reveals a new polarization effect, causing a shift and asymmetry of the saturated-absorption resonance. The results obtained can be found useful in metrology.
The effect of a double structure of saturated absorption resonance in the field of counterpropagating light waves interacting with an atomic gas is studied. The experimental observation of this effect was first reported in 2011 in a work by our colleagues at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Laboratory of Frequency Standards). The essence of the effect lies in the fact that, on exciting an open dipole transition, another, narrower, resonance of an opposite sign can be observed at the center of the ordinary saturated absorption resonance. A theoretical analysis of this effect has also been performed in this work in terms of a simple spectroscopic model of an atom with two nondegenerate energy levels without taking into account higher spatial harmonics of atomic polarization and polarizations of light waves (scalar model). The present work is devoted to the development of a theory of the formation of a central narrow resonance for the example of a real F g = 1 → F e = 1 atomic transition and to the study of its main characteristics (amplitude, width, contrast, and amplitude-to-width ratio). In addition, the theoretical results obtained without taking into account the influence of higher spatial harmonics and with inclusion of the influence of first higher harmonics are compared. This comparison shows that their influence on the parameters of the new nonlinear resonance is strong even in moderately intense light fields (R ~ γ, where R is the Rabi frequency). The results of this study can be of interest for quantum metrology, as well as for many experiments in which the laser-radiation frequency is stabilized by the saturated absorption resonance on open dipole transitions in atoms and molecules.
Experiments on open transitions of the D 1 line of alkali metals (Cs and Rb isotopes) reveal the dual structure of saturated absorption resonance in the signal of a high-intensity optical wave in the presence of a low-intensity counterpropagating wave. Theoretical analysis shows that the observed shape of the resonance is associated with the openness of the atomic transition as well as with the Doppler effect for atoms in a gas. The results are of general physical significance for nonlinear spectroscopy and can also find application in metrology (frequency and time standards on open transitions).
The saturated absorption resonance in an atomic gas in the field of counterpropagating light waves with an arbitrary elliptical polarization is investigated. A conclusion about the peculiarities of the resonance shape is drawn from a general analysis of the symmetry of the problem. In particular, a new effect has been found: the polarization parameters of the light waves can lead to an asymmetry and shift of the resonance. These conclusions are corroborated by an approximate analytical solution for the F g = 1 → F e = 2 transition and by numerical calculations. Apart from their fundamental importance, the results obtained can have important applications in metrology (frequency and time standards).
Results of theoretical researches of the saturated absorption resonance shape in a method of the probing field on V-type of transitions are represented. It is shown that in case of opposite circulary polarized optical fields the resonance is shown in the form of cross, and its form strongly depends on relaxation constants of levels and it can be represented as in the form of a dip, and absorption peak. Thus the peak form has exclusively coherent character. Atomic transitions are offered, on which observation of the given effect is possible.