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Physical Review A

Theory of two-photon interference in an electromagnetically induced transparency system

Jianming Wen, Morton H. Rubin

Published Dec 13, 2004• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine the possibility of storing and retrieving a single photon using electromagnetically induced transparency. We consider the theory of a proof-of-principle two-photon interference experiment, in which an atomic vapor cell is placed in one arm of a two-photon interferometer. Since the two-photon state is entangled, we can examine the degree to which entanglement survives. We show that while the experiment might be difficult, it should be possible to perform. We also show that the two-photon interference pattern has oscillatory behavior.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.063806

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We examine the possibility of storing and retrieving a single photon using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We consider the theory of a proof of principle two-photon interference experiment, in which an atomic vapor cell is placed in one arm of a two-photon interferometer. Since the two-photon state is entangled, we can examine the degree to which entanglement survives. We show that while the experiment might be difficult, it should be possible to perform. We also show that the two-photon interference pattern has oscillatory behavior. pacs 42.50.Ct, 42.50.Dv, 42.50.Gy, 42.50.St

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We examine the possibility of storing and retrieving a single photon using electromagnetically induced transparency. We consider the theory of a proof-of-principle two-photon interference experiment, in which an atomic vapor cell is placed in one arm of a two-photon interferometer. Since the two-photon state is entangled, we can examine the degree to which entanglement survives. We show that while the experiment might be difficult, it should be possible to perform. We also show that the two-photon interference pattern has oscillatory behavior.
We examine the possibility of storing and retrieving a single photon using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We consider the theory of a proof of principle two-photon interference experiment, in which an atomic vapor cell is placed in one arm of a two-photon interferometer. Since the two-photon state is entangled, we can examine the degree to which entanglement survives. We show that while the experiment might be difficult, it should be possible to perform. We also show that the two-photon interference pattern has oscillatory behavior. pacs 42.50.Ct, 42.50.Dv, 42.50.Gy, 42.50.St
In this paper, we have analysed in detail the quantum interference of the degenerate narrowband two-photon state by using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, in which an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium is placed in one of two interfering beams. Our results clearly show that it is possible to coherently keep the quantum state at a single photon level in the EIT process, especially when the transparent window of the EIT medium is much larger than the bandwidth of the single photon. This shows that the EIT medium is possibly a kind of memory or repeater for the narrowband photons in the areas of quantum communication and quantum computer. This kind of experiment is feasible within the current technology.
Summary form only given. It has been shown that two-photon absorption can be controlled by quantum interference in the multiple excitation paths created by a coupling field. Recently, Harris and Yamamoto (1998) described a four-level system that utilizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to switch on and off the two-photon excitation. Because the cancellation of the one-photon excitation, the enhanced two-photon excitation may be observable under very low light intensities. We have carried out an experimental study of two-photon excitation via quantum interference in multi-level Rb atomic systems based on the D/sub 1/ and D/sub 2/ transitions. The Rb systems can be viewed as quasi-four level systems. The experiments were done in an /sup 87/Rb isotope vapor cell.
An experimental study of electromagnetically induced two- photon transparency (EITT) in rubidium atomic vapor at room temperature is presented. A four level system is considered, involving the two-photon absorption process 5S1/2 to 8S1/2 via an intermediate state 5P3/2, and the single- photon control process 5P3/2 to 5D5/2. A controlling pump laser beam is employed to coherently couple the 5P3/2 and 5D5/2 states, thus producing two dressed intermediate states, which give rise to destructive interference in the two-photon transition. Fluorescence from 8S1/2 to 5P1/2 is used to monitor the 5S1/2(Fequals3) to 8S1/2(Fequals3) two-photon absorption. An induced two-photon transparency of about 80% has been obtained at resonance; the experimental results are in good agreement with the general theory of Agarwal, when the appropriate spectroscopic parameters are employed.
According to our work, we assert that the dynamics of electromagnetically induced transparency in lambda type atomic system by taking the basics in line with the quantum mechanical aspects. We wonder that incorporating the condition for electromagnetically induced transparency to happen is a meaningful arm to generating a conclusion for a considerable quantum optical system; lambda type atomic system. In this work, mainly quantum interference of light generated from an atomic system has been studied significantly. Accordingly, the mathematical result shows that the quantum interference is due to spontaneous decay rate of the atom from the upper energy state to two ground energy states and sufficiently affects the transparency of the medium. To have such transparency we must have initially the atom in the upper physical state. Keywords: Electromagnetically induced transparency, Orthogonal states, Interference, Light, Lambda system.