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Applied Mechanics and Materials

The Quantum Conditions of One Dimension Potential Well Based on WKB Approximation Method

Wen Li Yu, Hui Qiu Du

Published Aug 1, 2014• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Wenzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method being an approximation method in quantum mechanics has been applied widely. For the potential problems WKB approximation method is taken as an effective technology. With the help of the WKB approximation method the quantum conditions of bound States particle being in three different typical one dimension (1D) potential well models are derived in this paper. In addition, the idea of the WKB approximation method and the procedures dealing with the potential problems are demonstrated clearly, which are very helpful for understanding the quantum conditions of 1D potential well models deeply and mastering the WKB approximation method to solve some related problems in quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.245

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Wenzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method being an approximation method in quantum mechanics has been applied widely. For the potential problems WKB approximation method is taken as an effective technology. With the help of the WKB approximation method the quantum conditions of bound States particle being in three different typical one dimension (1D) potential well models are derived in this paper. In addition, the idea of the WKB approximation method and the procedures dealing with the potential problems are demonstrated clearly, which are very helpful for understanding the quantum conditions of 1D potential well models deeply and mastering the WKB approximation method to solve some related problems in quantum mechanics.
The WKB approximation is a physically intuitive method and makes many connections with intuition about waves and classical mechanics as well as with results from the early days of quantum theory as it leads to the Bohr quantization condition. The WKB method is due to Gregor Wentzel, Hendrik Anthony Kramers and Leon Nicolas Brillouin. The method is applicable for slowly varying potentials, that is, the potentials that change not more than a few wavelengths. The WKB approximation is a physically intuitive method and makes many connections with intuition about waves and classical mechanics as well as with results from the early days of quantum theory as it leads to the Bohr quantization condition. The Schrödinger equation is solved to find the penetration of a square potential barrier. The WKB method is applied to obtain a transmission coefficient for penetration through a barrier.
Abstract Kratzer potential is a potential for bound states in molecular bonds, while negative Kratzer potential is a potential for scattering states which has a barrier form, and which clearly has properties opposite to the bound state potential. This type of potential is the main subject of this paper. When a non-relativistic particle which has lower energy moving towards the potential, then there is a probability for the particle to break through the potential. In this paper, we use the WKB (Wenztel-Kramers-Brillouin) method to analyze the physical conditions that must be met by the system in order for the tunneling processes to occur. We present these conditions in the form of the relationship among several quantum variables such as the mass of the particle, the energy of the particle, the maximum height of the barrier potential, equilibrium internuclear separation, and the enactment domain of the potential field effect on the particle when the particle breaks through that potential.
Abstract This paper introduces a widely used approximation method, the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method, for solving the Schrodinger equation, sets up a theoretical framework to derive the general solutions of the method, and carries out the application of the approximation method in specific cases to verify the validity and practicality of the method. Throughout the study, numerical methods, such as the Simpsons method, and programming tools, such as Python, are used to process sophisticated calculations. The final approximated solutions for the Schrodinger equation are able to demonstrate the state of a particle in an isolated quantum system. All the presented studies are based upon the knowledge and skillsets of a high school student.
In this chapter we study another very important and powerful approximation method, the so-called eikonal approximation or Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin (WKB) method, which is used in studying quantum mechanical systems that are subjected to complicated potentials. This method can be used to find approximate solutions to differential equations where the highest derivative is multiplied by a small parameter. The WKB method gives approximate solution to the Schrödinger equation irrespective of its complicated potential and is mostly used to study one-dimensional systems and also the radial equations for higher-dimensional systems with rotational symmetry.