Commemorating Albert Einstein

Ravi Baijulal Bhandari

Chen Ning Yang

Max Jammer

Dietrick E. Thomsen

I( can't believe that. That's much too concrete to be real. So Martin Klein of Yale University quotes Niels Quantum theory, of which Bohr was one of the main progenitors, is anything but too concrete. This attitude of Bohr's may reflect both what he saw in quantum theory and what he gave to it, and it could be a basis for the famous controversy between him and Albert Einstein that lasted more than three decades. In their lifetimes neither made the other budge. They died good friends but conceptually unreconciled. Their colleagues, pupils and followers have ramified and continued the argument. Many of them and others gathered recently at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cambridge, Mass., for Symposium Commemorating the Centennial of Niels Bohr. A series of experiments done near Paris has put a definite advantage in Bohr's court with respect to a very important part of the argument, the challenge historically known as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox. Einstein is famous for remarks about God not throwing dice. These epigrams led to a general belief that his disagreement with quantum mechanics was based on problems of determinism and causality, an unhappiness with the uncertain, statistical quality of quantum mechanical predictions. Not so, said Einstein himself (in his correspondence with Max Born, cited by N. David Mermin of Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y, in the April 1985 PHYSICS TODAY). The most basic unhappiness, prior to Einstein's admitted dislike of the statistical aspects, was over reality, the reality of physical attributes and properties.

Alfredo José Sandoval Rodríguez

Historically, a significant dispute emerged between Albert Einstein and John Bell concerning the acceptance of nonlocal correlations in quantum mechanics. I intend to demonstrate that Albert Einstein’s stance is correct and he is the winner of this debate.