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Optics Letters

Bandwidth improvement for slow light using amplification characteristics of cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Yidan Ma, Bin Luo, L.-S. Yan, Wei Pan, X. H. Zou, Junyilang Zhao, N. Q. Li, Xintian Liu

Published Jan 22, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A scheme to improve the bandwidth of slow light using cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the scheme, a proper adjustment on the gain peaks of two cascaded VCSELs enables the generation of the desired composite gain spectrum, which has flat-top gain and delay profiles with enhanced peak values. By employing the improved gain and delay profiles in a slow light system, a large delay can be achieved within a wider bandwidth. In the experiment, by using two cascaded VCSELs, a tunable slow light up to 135 ps for a 5 Gbits/s pseudorandom binary sequence is demonstrated with relatively low signal distortion.

DOI
10.1364/ol.38.000308

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A scheme to improve the bandwidth of slow light using cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the scheme, a proper adjustment on the gain peaks of two cascaded VCSELs enables the generation of the desired composite gain spectrum, which has flat-top gain and delay profiles with enhanced peak values. By employing the improved gain and delay profiles in a slow light system, a large delay can be achieved within a wider bandwidth. In the experiment, by using two cascaded VCSELs, a tunable slow light up to 135 ps for a 5 Gbits/s pseudorandom binary sequence is demonstrated with relatively low signal distortion.
A tunable slow light of 2.5-Gb/s pseudo-random binary sequence signal using a 1550-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is experimentally demonstrated.The influences of the bias current and the gain saturation on the slow light are investigated.With bias current increasing, tunable optical group delay up to 98 ps is obtained at room temperature.Demonstration of the time delay between 16 and 24 ps by signal intensity change is reported.Under an appropriate bias current, by tuning the input signal to track the peak gain wavelength of the VCSEL, slow light of a power penalty as low as 1 dB is achieved.With such a low power penalty, the VCSEL has a great potential application as a compact optical buffer.
The dependence of slowing light on the saturation effect in the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is demonstrated. Combining the boundary conditions with the optical field distribution in VCSEL, the phase expression and the delay expression of the signal are derived. Based on these expressions and the rate equation, the relation between signal power and time delay is presented. Then the experimental demonstration shows the delays and the eye diagrams of a 2.5 Gbps pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) signal, when the VCSEL is working in the saturation condition. The theoretical and experimental results show that the high-power signal transmitted in the VCSEL could achieve better signal quality at the expense of the lower time delay. In order to obtain larger delay, on the one hand, the signal power should be controlled. On the other hand, the signal wavelength should be carefully adjusted to track the peak gain wavelength of the VCSEL caused by the saturation effect.
An analytical expression for the delay-bandwidth product (DBP) of slow light in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is derived and experimentally confirmed. The expression and theoretical results show that the DBP has a maximum value, which is only dependent on the front facet reflectivity of the VCSEL. For a practical VCSEL with the front facet reflectivity exceeding 90%, the resulting maximum DBP is close to a fixed value of 0.64. The expression and the results are also verified by the measured DBP of a VCSEL with different bias currents.
We report the experimental demonstration of tunable ultraslow light using a 1.55 um vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) at room temperature. By varying the bias current around lasing threshold, we achieve tunable delay of an intensity modulated signal input. Delays up to 100 ps are measured for a broadband signal with modulation frequency of 2.8 GHz. With a VCSEL design optimized for amplification and leveraging the scalability of VCSEL arrays, delays of multiple modulation periods are feasible.
We develop a simple model for the slow lights in Vertical Cavity Surface Emission Lasers (VCSELs), with the combination of cavity and population pulsation effects. The dependences of probe signal power, injection bias current and wavelength detuning for the group delays are demonstrated numerically and experimentally. Up to 65 ps group delays and up to 10 GHz modulation frequency can be achieved in the room temperature at the wavelength of 1.3 μμμm. The most significant feature of our VCSEL device is that the length of active region is only several μμμm long. Based on the experimental parameters of quantum dot VCSEL structures, we show that the resonance effect of laser cavity plays a significant role to enhance the group delays.