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International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics

Modeling of Slow Light in Vertical Cavity Surface Emission Lasers

C. S. Chou, Ray‐Kuang Lee, Peng‐Chun Peng, Hao‐Chung Kuo, Gray Lin, H. P. D. Yang, J. Y.

Published Aug 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We develop a model for the slow light in the vertical cavity surface emission lasers (VCSELs), with the combinations of cavity and the population pulsation effects. The dependences of pumping power, injection current and wavelength detuning for the group delays are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Up to 65 ps group delays and up to 10 GHz modulation frequency can be achieved in the room temperature at the wavelength of 1.3 mum. Based on the experimental parameters of quantum dot VCSEL structures, we show that the resonance effect of laser cavity plays a significant role to enhance the group delays.

DOI
10.1109/omems.2007.4373817

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We develop a model for the slow light in the vertical cavity surface emission lasers (VCSELs), with the combinations of cavity and the population pulsation effects. The dependences of pumping power, injection current and wavelength detuning for the group delays are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Up to 65 ps group delays and up to 10 GHz modulation frequency can be achieved in the room temperature at the wavelength of 1.3 mum. Based on the experimental parameters of quantum dot VCSEL structures, we show that the resonance effect of laser cavity plays a significant role to enhance the group delays.
We develop a simple model for the slow lights in Vertical Cavity Surface Emission Lasers (VCSELs), with the combination of cavity and population pulsation effects. The dependences of probe signal power, injection bias current and wavelength detuning for the group delays are demonstrated numerically and experimentally. Up to 65 ps group delays and up to 10 GHz modulation frequency can be achieved in the room temperature at the wavelength of 1.3 μμμm. The most significant feature of our VCSEL device is that the length of active region is only several μμμm long. Based on the experimental parameters of quantum dot VCSEL structures, we show that the resonance effect of laser cavity plays a significant role to enhance the group delays.
The dependence of slowing light on the saturation effect in the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is demonstrated. Combining the boundary conditions with the optical field distribution in VCSEL, the phase expression and the delay expression of the signal are derived. Based on these expressions and the rate equation, the relation between signal power and time delay is presented. Then the experimental demonstration shows the delays and the eye diagrams of a 2.5 Gbps pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) signal, when the VCSEL is working in the saturation condition. The theoretical and experimental results show that the high-power signal transmitted in the VCSEL could achieve better signal quality at the expense of the lower time delay. In order to obtain larger delay, on the one hand, the signal power should be controlled. On the other hand, the signal wavelength should be carefully adjusted to track the peak gain wavelength of the VCSEL caused by the saturation effect.
We report the experimental demonstration of tunable ultraslow light using a 1.55 um vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) at room temperature. By varying the bias current around lasing threshold, we achieve tunable delay of an intensity modulated signal input. Delays up to 100 ps are measured for a broadband signal with modulation frequency of 2.8 GHz. With a VCSEL design optimized for amplification and leveraging the scalability of VCSEL arrays, delays of multiple modulation periods are feasible.
We present a theoretical study of the slow and fast light propagation in semiconductor optical amplifiers based on coherent population oscillations. By modulating the injection current to force the population oscillations we can modify the delay or advancement of light signals. Specifically, it is shown that the relative phase of the optical signal to the bias current modulations can be used as a knob for changing light propagation from delay to advancement. In addition, we analyze the effect of the modulation current for slow light in vertical cavity surface emission lasers (VCSELs) by taking into account the cavity effects. It is shown that the change of the depth of the modulation allows to tune the structural resonance, which in turn produces an enhancement of the delay.