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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Optical switching using controlled two-photon transition

Chin‐Chun Tsai, Yi-Chi Lee, Hsiang‐Chen Chui

Published May 22, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

New scheme of a real-time all-optical switching (AOS) was demonstrated as the fluorescence signal of cesium two-photon transition (TPT) with the control field. This work explored the optical phenomenon of the TPT with the control field that shares a common excited state, in which the TPT fluorescence is quenched under the control field intensity. The strong stimulated emission due to the control laser suppresses the TPT fluorescence, working as an optical switch. A “NOT gate” is generated for realization of AOS. The power spectrum of the intensity range, which can be used for the AOS, is determined.

DOI
10.1364/josab.31.001347

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New scheme of a real-time all-optical switching (AOS) was demonstrated as the fluorescence signal of cesium two-photon transition (TPT) with the control field. This work explored the optical phenomenon of the TPT with the control field that shares a common excited state, in which the TPT fluorescence is quenched under the control field intensity. The strong stimulated emission due to the control laser suppresses the TPT fluorescence, working as an optical switch. A “NOT gate” is generated for realization of AOS. The power spectrum of the intensity range, which can be used for the AOS, is determined.
The probability of two-photon transition (TPT) under a control field to inhibit the quantum interference and enhance the nonlinear optical cross section is observed. Essentially, this is a V-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with TPT instead of one photon transition. Numerical simulation based on solving the steady state density matrix can qualitatively fit the experimental data. A model of double-Lorentzian profile is used to fit the observed spectrum and give the de-convolution information of the inhibition of TPT spectrum due to EIT and enhancement on the wings of TPT. The frequency shift of the inhibit center is linear to the intensity of the control field (one-photon) and quadratic to the intensity of probe field (two-photon). Under the control field, a factor of 10 enhancements on the wings of the TPT is observed.
We consider a three-level atomic system interacting with two coherent fields in the ladder configuration. Namely, the pumping field couples the ground and first excited state while the driving field interacts with the two excited states. The intensity spectrum of resonant optical fluorescence at the two-photon transition is studied. It is shown that coherent driving in this scheme allows for efficient control of fluorescence distribution between the one-photon (elastic with respect to pumping field) and two-photon (anti-Stoke Raman with respect to the driving field) channels.
We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical switching (AOS) scheme based on double slow light (DSL) pulses, in which one pulse is switched by another due to the cross-Kerr nonlinearity. The interaction time is prolonged by optically dense atomic media and matched group velocities. The interaction strength is maintained at a high level by keeping both fields at their electromagnetically-induced-transparency resonances to minimize the linear loss. In the AOS without the DSL scheme, the group velocity mismatch sets an upper limit on the switching efficiency of two photons per atomic cross section as discussed by Harris and Hau [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4611 (1999)]. Compared to that limit, we have obtained an enhanced switching efficiency by a factor of 3 with our DSL scheme. The nonlinear efficiency can be further improved by increasing the optical depth of the medium. Our work advances low-light-level nonlinear optics and provides essential ingredients for quantum many-body physics using strongly interacting photons.
Orthogonally polarized optical feedback has been proven to act on the frequency of semiconductor lasers. The coupling of this feedback to a nonlinear filter results in bistability for the frequency of the laser output [Phys. Rev. Lett.94, 173902 (2005)]. This phenomenon opens the way to the development of all-optical devices such as a switch between frequency states of the optical emission. For demonstrating this particular application we use an AsGaAl monomode laser emitting around 852 nm, together with a warm atomic cesium vapor as a resonant filter. The output frequency state of the switch is determined by two different frequencies of a control laser, with each control frequency changing the switch frequency in only one direction.
We investigated nonlinear optical processes driven by superfluorescent (SF) fields and their controllability with external laser fields. Cesium atoms were excited from the 6S6S6S ground state to the 8P8P8P state by a femtosecond laser pulse. The cascaded SF decay, $8P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P$, created coherence between the 7P7P7P and ground states, and led to the emission of a 455-nm pulse. A nanosecond laser pulse was applied to switch the $8S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P$ transition to the $8S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P$ one and newly generate an 852-nm pulse. At the same time, the nanosecond pulse suppressed the 852-nm emission through the inhibition of the development of the SF field between the 8P8P8P and 8S8S8S states, which led to the saturation of the 852-nm power with the increase of the nanosecond pulse power. The presented results offer an approach to investigate cooperative radiation processes in many-body systems and to develop an alternate light source.