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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Noise suppression in an atomic system under the action of a field in a squeezed coherent state

A. I. Gelman, V. A. Mironov

Published Apr 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The interaction of a quantized electromagnetic field in a squeezed coherent state with a three-level Λ-atom is studied numerically by the quantum Monte Carlo method and analytically by the Heisenberg-Langevin method in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The possibility of noise suppression in the atomic system through the quantum properties of squeezed light is considered in detail; the characteristics of the atomic system responsible for the relaxation processes and noise in the EIT band have been found. Further applications of the Monte Carlo method and the developed numerical code to the study of more complex systems are discussed.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776110040011

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The interaction of a quantized electromagnetic field in a squeezed coherent state with a three-level Λ-atom is studied numerically by the quantum Monte Carlo method and analytically by the Heisenberg-Langevin method in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The possibility of noise suppression in the atomic system through the quantum properties of squeezed light is considered in detail; the characteristics of the atomic system responsible for the relaxation processes and noise in the EIT band have been found. Further applications of the Monte Carlo method and the developed numerical code to the study of more complex systems are discussed.
Numerically by the Monte-Carlo wave function (MCWF) method and analytically by the Heisenberg-Langevin method the interaction of three-level atom with quantized electromagnetic field is investigated in the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) conditions. A possibility of noise suppression in atomic system by means of quantum features of squeezed light is examined in detail. The characteristics of atomic system responsible for relaxation processes and noise in EIT are found.
The dissipative dynamics of the three-level Λ\LambdaΛ-atom driven by a quantized electromagnetic field under the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) conditions is investigated both analytically by the Heisenberg-Langevin method and numerically using the quantum Monte Carlo wave function method (QMC method). The impact of the squeezing level of quantized light on the atomic system parameters, which determine the relaxation processes and noise in EIT transparency window, is considered in detail. It is shown that under these conditions quantum properties of light (squeezing) can be transferred to an atom. The work also considers the problem of the propagation of quantum field in squeezed coherent state in the medium of atoms and analyzes the dependence of squeezing level of light at the medium output on the parameters at the input and properties of the medium. The application of the QMC method to numerical simulation of the propagation problem is discussed in the light of the recent experiments on the propagation of squeezed vacuum in the medium under examination.
In this paper, we investigate the squeezing properties of the output of an atom laser which consists of an ensemble of three-level atoms in Bose–Einstein condensate state interacting with two quantized and classical laser fields in the presence of a Kerr medium. We represent the Hamiltonian of the system under an electromagnetically induced transparency regime and using the adiabatical elimination process, in terms of angular momentum operators, and then deduce the corresponding analytical state vector with the help of the Dicke model. We give our attention to the evaluation of atomic and field squeezings via numerical calculations. The results show that nonlinear sources in the system, i.e., “interatom collisions” and “Kerr medium,” lead to squeezing of atoms and photons. In this respect, the squeezing values can be controlled by adjusting the strength of interatom collisions, the Kerr medium, as well as other involved parameters in the considered model. Also, the collapse-revival phenomenon as a pure quantum feature can be observed in the behavior of atomic squeezing, while only irregular oscillations appeared in the field squeezing.
Atom interferometer measurements are affected by the amount of quantum noise from the laser used to detect atoms. To improve the quantum limited sensitivity of interferometers, there needs to be a way to reduce the amount of quantum noise. Light is composed of two quadratures, where the product of the noise in each quadrature cannot be below a minimum threshold set by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. However, the noise in one quadrature can be reduced at the expense of the other. This form of light is referred to as “squeezed light.” Squeezed light can be produced using four-wave mixing (FWM). Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an interference phenomenon that occurs when a three-level atom is driven by a coherent field that makes a non-linear medium transparent to the probing field and holds a great deal of similarities to FWM. This thesis developed a theoretical framework that describes the measurement of atomic states and associated noise when quantum light is used to drive the atom and lays the groundwork to produce squeezed light through developing an experiment to produce EIT, as well as discussing the similarities between EIT and FWM to create and further study FWM for improved atom interferometry.
The interaction of classical and quantized electromagnetic fields with an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity is considered. Four fields drive a double-lambda level scheme in the atoms, consisting of a pair of lambda systems sharing the same set of lower levels. Two of the fields produce maximum coherence, rho12 = -1/2, between the ground state sublevels 1 and 2. This pumping scheme involves equal intensity fields that are resonant with both the one and two-photon transitions of the lambda system. There is no steady-state absorption of these fields, implying that the fields induce a type electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in the medium. An additional pair of fields interacting with the second lambda system, combined with the EIT fields, leads to squeezing of the atom spin associated with the ground state sublevels. Our method involves a new mechanism for creating steady-state spin squeezing using an optical cavity. As the cooperativity parameter C is increased, the optimal squeezing varies as C^{-1/3}. For experimentally accessible values of C, squeezing as large as 90% can be achieved.