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Optics Letters

Quantum interference between two orthogonal transitions of an atom in one-dimensional photonic crystals

Jing-Ping Xu, Li‐Gang Wang, Ya-Ping Yang, Qiang Lin, Shi-Yao Zhu

Published Aug 27, 2008• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We find that the V-type three-level Zeeman atom has the complete quantum interference when it is embedded in one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) possessing the TM-polarized complete gap. To avoid the nonradiative decay related to dissipation and the decay through surface exciton, we add two phase compensators made of ideal left-handed materials on two sides of atom, and then the total structure is equivalent to a 1D PC supporting only the radiative modes. The parameter regions (epsilon, mu) leading to the TM-polarized complete gap have been sketched out, and the influence of absorption on the quantum interference is discussed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.33.002005

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We find that the V-type three-level Zeeman atom has the complete quantum interference when it is embedded in one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) possessing the TM-polarized complete gap. To avoid the nonradiative decay related to dissipation and the decay through surface exciton, we add two phase compensators made of ideal left-handed materials on two sides of atom, and then the total structure is equivalent to a 1D PC supporting only the radiative modes. The parameter regions (epsilon, mu) leading to the TM-polarized complete gap have been sketched out, and the influence of absorption on the quantum interference is discussed.
We address quantum interference of the Zeeman atom embedded in two kinds of structures containing left-handed materials (LHM), which are a single LHM layer mounted on a single mirror (SLSM) and Fabry-P\'erot cavity filled with a LHM layer by half (FPCLH). Especially, the influence of the dissipation of LHM on quantum interference has been studied in detail. Though dissipation weakens quantum interference in general, it holds nearly complete quantum interference when the thickness of the cavity is small for FPCLH. Moreover, with equivalence of left- and right- rotation polarized dipoles to two spatial orthogonal dipoles, we found the optimum orientation of two orthogonal dipoles which can realize the maximum quantum interference in a certain anisotropic environment. Our research may have potential applications in the designing of microsize devices.
Abstract The self-energy correction to the mass of an atomic electron placed into a void of the photonic crystal medium is investigated. In this study the one-dimensional photonic crystal made from gallium arsenide and vacuum layers is considered. We show that the electron mass change gives rise not only to the shifts of the atomic energies but also to the nonradiative transitions between atomic levels. These transitions add new channels to a decay of an atomic state that leads to a quantum interference between these channels.
Studying the spontaneous emission of a V-type three-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal (PC) by fractional calculus, we found that the atomic excited states in the anisotropic PC can be expressed as a superposition of four dressed states analytically. Through detuning two allowed atomic transition energies with respect to the photonic band edge, the coupling between these two transitions leads to three dynamic regimes, namely non-Markovian decay, damped quantum interference and quantum interference, classified by the numbers of contributed bounded dressed states. From the degree of quantum interference of two atomic transitions, we found the energy exchange between the atom and PC reservoir is the lowest as the excited states become degenerate but with maximum quantum interference when the atom is prepared at one of the excited states. The results also show that excited states prefer to stay out of phase at all detuning energy except for near degenerate. Therefore, we can control the spontaneous emission rate not only by the amount of detuning frequencies but also the relative phase of initial states.
The probe absorption-dispersion spectrum of a double V-type four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal is investigated. In the model used, the double V-type transitions are, respectively, coupled by the free vacuum modes and the photonic band gap modes, leading to the two possible types of quantum interference. Three types of zero absorption (transparency) appear in this model. In the first type, there exist two zeroes at the band edge frequencies in the case of isotropic photonic band gap. In the second type, a zero emerges at the middle frequency of two upper levels in the case that the quantum interference takes place in both V-type transitions. Finally, in the third type, a zero occurs at or around the middle frequency of two upper levels in the case that the quantum interference takes place only in the V-type transitions coupled to the free vacuum modes. Ultimately, the probe absorption-dispersion spectrum in the case of the single-band photonic band gap reservoirs compared to those of the double-band photonic band gap reservoirs. The results show that the dispersion property of the system depends on the two types of the quantum interference and the density of states of the photonic band gap reservoir.
We investigate the spontaneous emission of a two-level atom in one dimensional photonic crystals composed of left-hand material (LHM) and right-hand material (RHM). A complete set of mode functions is constructed for the quantization of the radiation field. It is found that the mode functions for the frequency with in the band gap decreases exponentially from the surface to the interior of the photonic crystal which results in a much weaker field than the vacuum in the free space. The depression of the field leads to weak interaction with the atom, which leads to the suppressed spontaneous emission. Due to the strong reflection, the field in the LHM-RHM structure is much weaker than that in the RHM-RHM structure, thus the spontaneous emission is more strongly suppressed.
Quantum interference between Zeeman levels of atom placed in the structure containing left-handed materials (LHMs) and zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs) is investigated. Because of the existence of the LHM and ZIM, dipole radiation becomes highly anisotropic which is embodied by the high contrast between decay rates of the dipole component parallel to the surface and that normal to the surface. Furthermore, both decay rates are suppressed compared with those in free vacuum. Therefore, we propose the quantum interference between Zeeman levels accompanied by long lifetime. Two structures are designed to achieve such purpose. For the idealized LHM and ZIM without dissipation, a double-layer structure comprised of them is the right candidate. However, when we consider the dissipation of materials, a Fabry-P\'erot cavity made of matched ZIM slabs and LHM slabs is required. Results show that we get a high degree of quantum interference and low decay rates simultaneously.