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Applied Mechanics and Materials

Photoluminescence Properties of SiO2:Tb3+ Inverse Opal with Tunable Photonic Band Gap

Zhen Dong Liu, Bo Li, Ji Zhou

Published May 1, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Temperature tunable photonic crystals were fabricated based on liquid-infiltrated inverse opal films which were prepared by Tb3+doped SiO2with a sol-gel method. The photoluminescence was investigated with the photonic band gap shift tuned by temperature. The results show that obvious suppression of spontaneous emission occurs when the photonic band gap overlaps with the Tb3+emission band, while enhancement of the emission is observed if the emission band shifts at the edge of the band gap.

DOI
10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.155

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Temperature tunable photonic crystals were fabricated based on liquid-infiltrated inverse opal films which were prepared by Tb3+doped SiO2with a sol-gel method. The photoluminescence was investigated with the photonic band gap shift tuned by temperature. The results show that obvious suppression of spontaneous emission occurs when the photonic band gap overlaps with the Tb3+emission band, while enhancement of the emission is observed if the emission band shifts at the edge of the band gap.
SiO 2 inverse opals made with LaF 3:Tb 3+ nanoparticles were fabricated. The spontaneous emission lifetime of the 5 D 4 → 7 F 4 transition of Tb 3+ ions at 542 nm embedded in the SiO 2 inverse opal structure was determined. In contrast to an average lifetime of 2.8 ms in photonic crystals when the photoluminescence of the Tb 3+ envelop was located outside the photonic stop band, a lifetime of 4.0 ms was observed when the Tb 3+ photoluminescence fully overlaps with the photonic stop band in the inverse opal. The obtained results demonstrate that the photonic structure affects the spontaneous emission significantly, resulting in a 40% increase of the luminescence lifetime of Tb 3+ ions. In other words, the density of optical states is reduced at the emission frequency of Tb 3+ (i.e., 542 nm) which reduces the radiative rate constant.
Sol-gel process is shown as a promising synthetic route to develop the 3D photonic crystals doped with the optically active terbium. Using silica and Tb-doped titania sols the colloidal crystal with photonic stop band ranging from 480 to 550 nm have been developed, thus fitting the 5D4 yields 7F6 and 5D4 yields 7F5 transition of Tb3+ ions. Pronounced inhibition of optical transitions of Tb3+ ions was observed. The structures fabricated are considered as promising probes to examine the influence of photonic stop band on modification of the spontaneous emission spectra of phosphors.
The photonic dispersion, the group-velocity dispersion, the effective mass, refractive index, and the spectral distribution of the density of photonic states near the edge of the photonic stop band are numerically calculated in the one-dimensional model for photonic crystals based on synthetic opals. The fluorescence spectra of rhodamine 6G and 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone molecules infiltrated into a synthetic opal are measured. For both substances, it is observed that the spontaneous emission intensity in the range of the photonic stop band is appreciably suppressed. A blue shift of the fluorescence spectrum of rhodamine 6G molecules is revealed. Secondary emission of synthetic opals infiltrated with colloidal silver is observed in the Stokes range under excitation of opals by radiation at λ = 400 nm. The spectrum of the secondary emission is located in the range 450–590 nm, which contains the stop band and intervals near its edges.
We have observed strongly modified spontaneous-emission spectra from laser dye in photonic crystals made of inverse opals in titania (TiO2).({\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}).(TiO2​). We identify stop bands with large relative widths of 1515%,15 comparable to the dyes' emission spectrum, and 7575%75 attenuation of the emission strength. For a wide range of angles, two stop bands are simultaneously manifested; their angle-dependent frequencies display an avoided crossing that is corroborated by reflectivity experiments. The edges of the stop bands agree well with band-structure calculations, but differ from simple Bragg diffraction as a result of multiple wave coupling. The strongly reduced dispersion of the Bloch modes likely causes a significant change in the density of states.
High quality opal photonic crystals (PhCs) were successfully fabricated by self-assembling of monodisperse Eu(3+)/SiO(2) core/shell nanospheres. Angular resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra of a PhC sample were measured with different pumping powers, and its PL emission strongly depended on spectroscopic position of the photonic stop band and the optical pumping power. Suppression of the PL occurred in the directions where the emission lines aligned with the center of the photonic stop band. Suppression and enhancement of the PL were observed at low- and high-pumping powers, respectively, in the directions where the emission lines were located at the edges of the photonic stop band. When pumping power exceeded 6 µJ/pulse, a super-linear dependence was found between the pumping power and PL intensity. The dramatic enhancement of PL was attributed to the amplification of spontaneous emission resulted from the creation of large population inversion and the slow group velocity of the emitted light inside the PhC. The opal PhC provided highly angular-selective quasi-monochromatic PL output, which can be useful for a variety of optical applications.