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Optics and Spectroscopy

Optical holography of nanostructure diatomic objects for different polarizations of the external wave and dimensional resonances

Oleg N. Gadomsky, A. S. Kunitsyn

Published Jan 1, 2002• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For the combined system of equations of field and atomic variables for two different atoms in the ground state, a stationary solution is obtained, which takes into account their dipole-dipole interaction in the field of external emission. Atoms are treated as linear dipole oscillators with different natural frequencies and linear polarizabilities. Formulas for effective polarizabilities of atoms in a nanostructure object, whose dispersion properties substantially differ from the dispersion properties of isolated atoms in the region of their natural resonances, are obtained. It is found that a nanostructure object consisting of two different atoms has four dimensional resonances, whose frequencies strongly depend on the interatomic separation and the object orientation with respect to the direction of propagation of an external wave. Using interference from the coherent field of dipoles of a small object with a reference coherent wave in a certain plane of observation points in the wave region far from a small object, an optical hologram of a small object is obtained. It is shown by numerical experiments that a small object forms interference fringes with good contrast, which makes possible the use of optical quasi-resonant emission for the development of a nondestructive method of study of small objects.

DOI
10.1134/1.1446591

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For the combined system of equations of field and atomic variables for two different atoms in the ground state, a stationary solution is obtained, which takes into account their dipole-dipole interaction in the field of external emission. Atoms are treated as linear dipole oscillators with different natural frequencies and linear polarizabilities. Formulas for effective polarizabilities of atoms in a nanostructure object, whose dispersion properties substantially differ from the dispersion properties of isolated atoms in the region of their natural resonances, are obtained. It is found that a nanostructure object consisting of two different atoms has four dimensional resonances, whose frequencies strongly depend on the interatomic separation and the object orientation with respect to the direction of propagation of an external wave. Using interference from the coherent field of dipoles of a small object with a reference coherent wave in a certain plane of observation points in the wave region far from a small object, an optical hologram of a small object is obtained. It is shown by numerical experiments that a small object forms interference fringes with good contrast, which makes possible the use of optical quasi-resonant emission for the development of a nondestructive method of study of small objects.
The existence of optical size resonances in atomic nanostructures is proved. The properties of optical size resonances strongly depend on the interatomic distances and on the polarization of an external radiation field. The properties of linear and nonlinear size resonances are considered in the case of two-dimensional nanostructures. The linear optical size resonances are described based on a closed system of equations for dipole oscillators and nonlocal field equations taking into account the dipole-dipole interactions of atoms in the radiation field. Using a stationary solution to these equations, it is demonstrated that two isotropic atoms with definite intrinsic frequencies form an anisotropic system in the radiation field, possessing two or four size resonances depending on whether the component atoms are identical or different. The nanostructure composed of two different atoms possesses two size resonances with positive dispersion and two other resonances with negative dispersion. The frequencies of the size resonances significantly differ from the intrinsic frequencies of isolated atoms entering into the nanostructure. By changing the angle of incidence of the external wave, it is possible to excite various size resonances. The properties of nonlinear optical size resonances excited by an intense radiation field were theoretically and numerically studied using the modified Bloch equations and nonlocal field equations. Dispersion relationships for the nonlinear resonances were derived and the inversion properties of atoms in the nanostructure were studied for various polarizations of the external optical wave.
The existence of linear nonstationary optical resonances in a diatomic nanostructural object with a dipole-dipole atomic interaction has been proved. A new solution to the joint system of modified Bloch optical equations and nonlocal field equations is obtained for time intervals much shorter than the times of phase and energy relaxation. Formulas for effective polarizabilities of the object’s atoms, which have a set of dimensional resonances, are derived. The frequencies of these resonances significantly differ from the eigenfrequencies of the object’s atoms, and their properties depend on the interatomic distance, light-pulse duration, initial atomic inversions, and the orientation of the object’s axis relative to the direction of incidence of the external light wave.
A nanostructural object consisting of two atoms is proven to contain two or four dimensional resonances depending on whether these atoms are identical or different. Each of the atoms is characterized by linear isotropic polarizability and contains one isolated resonance. The frequency of the dimensional resonances considerably differs from the resonance frequencies of the isolated atoms, and the effective resonance polarizabilities of the atoms in the nanostructure approximately coincide with the resonance values of polarizabilities of the isolated atoms. It is shown that, in the nanostructure consisting of two different atoms, two of four resonances have a negative dispersion. It is also shown that the nanostructural object has an induced anisotropy in the case of a fixed position of the object axis relative to the direction of incidence of the external wave.
It has been shown that nonlinear near-field optical resonances occur in diatomic nanostructures consisting of identical or different two-level atoms in the presence of a radiation field when the dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The frequencies of these resonances depend strongly on the intensity of the external optical radiation, on the initial conditions, on the polarization of the external field with respect to the axis of the nanostructure, and on the interatomic distance. The interatomic interaction is taken into account beyond perturbation theory. For this reason, the effective polarizabilities of the atoms of the nanostructure are expressed in terms of the polynomials of both the interatomic distance and the electric field strength of the external optical wave. A “falling tower” effect that is caused by the nonlinear behavior of the local dipole moments of atoms in the nanostructure is predicted.
A stationary solution is obtained for the joint system of equations for atomic and field variables for two different atoms with dipole-dipole interaction in the radiation field taking into account the common radiative friction. The atoms are treated as an Lorentz oscillator with one isolated resonance. The interaction of atoms in the radiation field forms four dimensional resonances at frequencies that are substantially different from the natural frequencies of isolated atoms. Two of the four dimensional resonances are characterized by negative dispersion, and the intensity of dipole emission at these frequencies may be increased with respect to the intensity of emission at the frequencies of natural atomic resonances by a factor of about 10 12 .
The interaction of an atomic group occupation a volume with linear dimensions which are considerably smaller than the length of an external light wave in considered. On the basis of the join set of equation for the electronic field strength of the light wave and the optical equation for linear dipole oscillators, the points of location of the atoms, as well as at different points of observation outside the atomic group (a small object) in the wave and near-field zones, is solved. We are predicted theoretically optical size resonances in atomic nanostructures on the basic a new solution for electric dipole moment. We presented here also experiments, where size resonances was observed and some applications of size resonances.