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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Nonlinear resonances in the near-field interaction between atoms

Oleg N. Gadomsky, A. G. Glukhov

Published Jul 1, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It has been shown that nonlinear near-field optical resonances occur in diatomic nanostructures consisting of identical or different two-level atoms in the presence of a radiation field when the dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The frequencies of these resonances depend strongly on the intensity of the external optical radiation, on the initial conditions, on the polarization of the external field with respect to the axis of the nanostructure, and on the interatomic distance. The interatomic interaction is taken into account beyond perturbation theory. For this reason, the effective polarizabilities of the atoms of the nanostructure are expressed in terms of the polynomials of both the interatomic distance and the electric field strength of the external optical wave. A “falling tower” effect that is caused by the nonlinear behavior of the local dipole moments of atoms in the nanostructure is predicted.

DOI
10.1134/s106377610607003x

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It has been shown that nonlinear near-field optical resonances occur in diatomic nanostructures consisting of identical or different two-level atoms in the presence of a radiation field when the dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The frequencies of these resonances depend strongly on the intensity of the external optical radiation, on the initial conditions, on the polarization of the external field with respect to the axis of the nanostructure, and on the interatomic distance. The interatomic interaction is taken into account beyond perturbation theory. For this reason, the effective polarizabilities of the atoms of the nanostructure are expressed in terms of the polynomials of both the interatomic distance and the electric field strength of the external optical wave. A “falling tower” effect that is caused by the nonlinear behavior of the local dipole moments of atoms in the nanostructure is predicted.
The existence of optical size resonances in atomic nanostructures is proved. The properties of optical size resonances strongly depend on the interatomic distances and on the polarization of an external radiation field. The properties of linear and nonlinear size resonances are considered in the case of two-dimensional nanostructures. The linear optical size resonances are described based on a closed system of equations for dipole oscillators and nonlocal field equations taking into account the dipole-dipole interactions of atoms in the radiation field. Using a stationary solution to these equations, it is demonstrated that two isotropic atoms with definite intrinsic frequencies form an anisotropic system in the radiation field, possessing two or four size resonances depending on whether the component atoms are identical or different. The nanostructure composed of two different atoms possesses two size resonances with positive dispersion and two other resonances with negative dispersion. The frequencies of the size resonances significantly differ from the intrinsic frequencies of isolated atoms entering into the nanostructure. By changing the angle of incidence of the external wave, it is possible to excite various size resonances. The properties of nonlinear optical size resonances excited by an intense radiation field were theoretically and numerically studied using the modified Bloch equations and nonlocal field equations. Dispersion relationships for the nonlinear resonances were derived and the inversion properties of atoms in the nanostructure were studied for various polarizations of the external optical wave.
A new solution to modified Bloch equations for a diatomic quantum system consisting of two identical interacting atoms in a field of high-intensity continuous radiation is obtained. On the basis of this solution, the existence of nonlinear sized resonances whose properties strongly depend on the atomic spacing, on the polarization of the external field of radiation, and on the initial inversions of atoms constituting a nanostructural object is shown. Dispersion dependences of induced dipole moments and inversions of atoms of the object are investigated theoretically in the region of sized resonances for various irradiation conditions.
For the combined system of equations of field and atomic variables for two different atoms in the ground state, a stationary solution is obtained, which takes into account their dipole-dipole interaction in the field of external emission. Atoms are treated as linear dipole oscillators with different natural frequencies and linear polarizabilities. Formulas for effective polarizabilities of atoms in a nanostructure object, whose dispersion properties substantially differ from the dispersion properties of isolated atoms in the region of their natural resonances, are obtained. It is found that a nanostructure object consisting of two different atoms has four dimensional resonances, whose frequencies strongly depend on the interatomic separation and the object orientation with respect to the direction of propagation of an external wave. Using interference from the coherent field of dipoles of a small object with a reference coherent wave in a certain plane of observation points in the wave region far from a small object, an optical hologram of a small object is obtained. It is shown by numerical experiments that a small object forms interference fringes with good contrast, which makes possible the use of optical quasi-resonant emission for the development of a nondestructive method of study of small objects.
The existence of linear nonstationary optical resonances in a diatomic nanostructural object with a dipole-dipole atomic interaction has been proved. A new solution to the joint system of modified Bloch optical equations and nonlocal field equations is obtained for time intervals much shorter than the times of phase and energy relaxation. Formulas for effective polarizabilities of the object’s atoms, which have a set of dimensional resonances, are derived. The frequencies of these resonances significantly differ from the eigenfrequencies of the object’s atoms, and their properties depend on the interatomic distance, light-pulse duration, initial atomic inversions, and the orientation of the object’s axis relative to the direction of incidence of the external light wave.
It is shown that magnetic interaction of closely spaced atoms is an electromagnetic field leads to the formation of dimensional magnetic resonances with small widths and frequencies that differ considerably from the frequency of the magnetic resonance of an isolated atom and depend strongly on the interatomic distance and polarization of the external field. The interactions between two identical atoms and between two different atoms are considered with allowance for spin and orbital quantum transitions. Dimensional magnetic resonances in a diatomic nanostructure system are studied on the basis of a non-perturbation-theory-based solution to a system of equations for the field and atomic variables.
The interaction of an atomic group occupation a volume with linear dimensions which are considerably smaller than the length of an external light wave in considered. On the basis of the join set of equation for the electronic field strength of the light wave and the optical equation for linear dipole oscillators, the points of location of the atoms, as well as at different points of observation outside the atomic group (a small object) in the wave and near-field zones, is solved. We are predicted theoretically optical size resonances in atomic nanostructures on the basic a new solution for electric dipole moment. We presented here also experiments, where size resonances was observed and some applications of size resonances.