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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Conversion of radiation frequency in four-wave parametric resonance processes based on stimulated Raman scattering

Gennady M. Krochik, Yu. G. Khronopulo

Published Aug 31, 1975• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical analysis is made of the interaction between fields whose frequencies satisfy the relationship ωp–ωs=ωg±ωa≈ω21 , where ωp, ωs, ωg and ωa are the frequencies of the pump, Stokes, generated, and auxiliary fields; ω21 tne frequency of a transition between two levels in the investigated susbstance. The conditions are established for the maximum efficiency of the conversion of the fields ωp and ωa into the field ωg. It is shown that the optimal conversion conditions are obtained for a certain ratio of the pump and auxiliary field powers when the phases of the interacting waves are locked. Numerical estimates are obtained of the conversion efficiency and interaction length when the active substance is potassium vapor or compressed hydrogen.

DOI
10.1070/qe1975v005n08abeh011666

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A theoretical analysis is made of the interaction between fields whose frequencies satisfy the relationship ωp–ωs=ωg±ωa≈ω21 , where ωp, ωs, ωg and ωa are the frequencies of the pump, Stokes, generated, and auxiliary fields; ω21 tne frequency of a transition between two levels in the investigated susbstance. The conditions are established for the maximum efficiency of the conversion of the fields ωp and ωa into the field ωg. It is shown that the optimal conversion conditions are obtained for a certain ratio of the pump and auxiliary field powers when the phases of the interacting waves are locked. Numerical estimates are obtained of the conversion efficiency and interaction length when the active substance is potassium vapor or compressed hydrogen.
An analysis is made of generation of the sum frequency ω3 = 2ω1 + ω2 in the case when the pump frequency coincides with that of a two-photon transition 2ω1 = ω21, and the frequency ω3 is tuned near the resonance line of an atom. Under conditions of resonance with the frequency of the generated field, the parametric process has some characteristic features associated with a strong competition between effects involving increases in the nonlinear susceptibility, absorption, and changes in the phase matching. Moreover, in the presence of a fairly high-intensity field due to a neighboring transition at the frequency ω2, a nonlinear Raman process (which changes the characteristics of the medium at the frequency ω3) begins to play an important part. It is found that the highest parametric oscillation powers over a wide spectral range may be achieved by appropriately varying the intensity of the field due to the neighboring transition, the atom concentration, or the interaction length.
Experimental and theoretical investigations were made of four-wave frequency mixing of the ?4? = ?1 ? ?2 ? ?3 type in cesium vapor enhanced by a Raman resonance (the field at the frequency ?2 is formed as a result of electronic stimulated Raman scattering of the pump field ?1). A strong dependence of the mixing characteristics on the conditions for excitation of electronic stimulated Raman scattering was identified and analyzed. Recommendations are given on the choice of optimal conditions for efficient frequency mixing in Raman resonance systems.
Four-photon parametric up-conversion of a weak infrared signal under conditions of two-photon resonance of a constant nonmonochromatic pump field is analyzed allowing for population migration, transient response of the medium, Stark shift of the levels, and width of the pump frequency spectrum. It is found that under steady-state conversion conditions in a nonmonochromatic pump field, it is possible to achieve an average conversion efficiency differing only negligibly from the maximum conversion efficiency in a monochromatic pump field. An analysis is made of the influence of optically induced relaxation on the average conversion efficiency in the transient regime. Numerical estimates are made of the transition parameters for an alkali metal vapor in a frequency-degenerate pump field exciting a two-photon transition.
A theoretical analysis is made of the process of parametric up-conversion of the frequency of an infrared signal involving two-photon resonance of a pump field whose spectrum is considerably wider than the widths of the atomic transition lines. It is shown that the maximum steady-state efficiency of conversion in a wideband field is only slightly different from the maximum efficiency of conversion in a regular and monochromatic field. A dynamic improvement in the conversion efficiency is possible under transient interaction conditions.
A new variant of active Raman spectroscopy is proposed. Instead of two-frequency pumping, radiation in resonance with the scattering transition is used and a static electric field is applied simultaneously. This variant may have an advantage over the conventional method in the case of a large Stokes shift which is found, for example, in the Raman scattering due to electronic transitions. An analysis is made of the dynamics of the interacting waves and the optimal length of nonlinear medium to which a static electric field should be applied is determined.