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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Four-wave processes in cesium vapor involving electronic stimulated Raman scattering

A. K. Popov, V.P. Ran'shikov, V. P. Timofeev, V Sh Épshteĭn, G. V. Yurov

Published Feb 28, 1989• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental and theoretical investigations were made of four-wave frequency mixing of the ?4? = ?1 ? ?2 ? ?3 type in cesium vapor enhanced by a Raman resonance (the field at the frequency ?2 is formed as a result of electronic stimulated Raman scattering of the pump field ?1). A strong dependence of the mixing characteristics on the conditions for excitation of electronic stimulated Raman scattering was identified and analyzed. Recommendations are given on the choice of optimal conditions for efficient frequency mixing in Raman resonance systems.

DOI
10.1070/qe1989v019n02abeh007816

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An experimental investigation was made of the resonant stimulated electronic Raman scattering near the principal doublet of potassium. A study was made of the dispersion, interaction of two- and three-photon scattering, and influence of four-photon processes. Possible mechanisms of the population of the 4 2 P 1/2 and 4 2 P 3/2 potassium levels were considered. The possibility of phase-matched four-photon parametric interactions in the investigated part of the spectrum was confirmed theoretically.
A new effect is considered: self-induced suppression of electron stimulated Raman scattering involving generation of two new fields from the Stokes radiation as a result of four-wave mixing, interfering destructively with electron stimulated Raman scattering and suppressing it, which in turn suppresses the mixing process. The effect occurs in the steady-state case and not under transient conditions. The results account in a simple manner for the generation of the Stokes radiation in barium vapor as a result of different transitions, depending on the duration of the pump pulse.
An experimental investigation was made of stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) of excimer laser radiation in barium, thulium, and europium vapors. The energy of XeF* laser radiation ( λ = 351 nm) converted to the yellow range (585 nm) in barium vapor was 6 mJ and the conversion efficiency was ∼39%. The spectral composition of the converted radiation is governed by the STRS, by four-wave parametric processes, and also by lasing due to the natural barium transition. Selection of the pump frequencies is required to concentrate the converted radiation at a single frequency and to reduce its divergence. Stimulated Raman scattering of XeCl* laser radiation ( λ = 308 nm) was achieved in thulium vapor at λ = 422 nm. In europium vapor in quasiresonance with the 6 s 2 8 S 0 1/2 –5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 forbidden transition, stimulated emission was obtained due to the natural 5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 –6 s 6 p 10 P 11/2 and 5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 –6 s 6 p 10 P 3/2 transitions.
We observe experimentally huge enhanced four-wave mixing based on Raman resonance in an 85Rb atomic vapor system. With the decrease of coupling field power or the increase of experimental temperature, the signal tends to be narrowed down in linewidth, and be basically the same spectrum as the stimulated Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the macroscopic polarization interference effect plays a crucial role in determining the nonlinear spectra. Further more, in the Doppler-broadened Λ-type energy level system, there is a strong relationship among electromagnetically induced transparency, four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. The sharp transparent window in electromagnetically induced transparency can be interpreted as the suppression of Raman gain on the linear absorption of the probe field. However, the four-wave mixing signal is a new field generated by the atomic vapor system, and it comes from the Raman gain which is affected and modified by the absorption and dispersion of the nonlinear optical medium. It shows that in a Λ-type Doppler-broadened system, in essence, both the electromagnetically induced transparency and enhanced four-wave mixing stem from stimulated Raman scattering based on the third-order nonlinear processes, just the spectra of which are from different ways and objects of detection.