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IET Information Security

Channel level crossing‐based security for communications over fading channels

Dimitrios S. Karas, George K. Karagiannidis, Robert Schober

Published Aug 28, 2013• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Several key exchange methods for wireless channels have been proposed in the literature. They are referred to as physical‐layer security techniques and are usually based on the channel's fading characteristics and the principle of channel reciprocity. In this study, the authors present key exchange algorithms for wireless fading channels whose operation is based on channel estimation. Specifically, the authors present a complete key exchange scheme that includes channel sampling, thresholding and error reconciliation. Two error reconciliation methods are proposed. The first one is based on neural networks and the second one is based on linear block coding. Simulations of the proposed methods’ performances and levels of security are presented and conclusions are drawn regarding their overall utility.

DOI
10.1049/iet-ifs.2011.0360

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Several key exchange methods for wireless channels have been proposed in the literature. They are referred to as physical‐layer security techniques and are usually based on the channel's fading characteristics and the principle of channel reciprocity. In this study, the authors present key exchange algorithms for wireless fading channels whose operation is based on channel estimation. Specifically, the authors present a complete key exchange scheme that includes channel sampling, thresholding and error reconciliation. Two error reconciliation methods are proposed. The first one is based on neural networks and the second one is based on linear block coding. Simulations of the proposed methods’ performances and levels of security are presented and conclusions are drawn regarding their overall utility.
Several key exchange methods for wireless channels have been proposed in the literature. They are referred to as PHY-layer security techniques and are usually based on the channel's fading characteristics and the principle of reciprocity. In this paper, we present a novel PHY-layer security algorithm whose function is based on neural networks. Specifically, we present a full key exchange scheme which includes channel sampling and thresholding and neural network based error reconciliation. The proposed method's performance and offered security are studied through simulations and interesting conclusions are drawn about its overall utility.
Several key exchange methods for wireless channels have been presented in the literature. They are collectively named as PHY-layer security techniques and are usually based on the channel's fading characteristics and the reciprocity principle. In this paper, we present a PHY-layer security algorithm which includes channel sampling and thresholding and error reconciliation based on neural networks. The presented algorithm's performance and offers a security and these are studied with the help of simulations and interesting results are drawn about its overall utility.
As an alternative and appealing approach to providing information security in wireless communication systems, secret key generation at physical layer has demonstrated its potential in terms of efficiency and reliability over traditional cryptographic methods. Without the necessity of a management centre for key distribution or reliance on computational complexity, physical layer key generation protocols enable two wireless entities to extract identical and dynamic keys from the randomness of the wireless channels associated with them.\nIn this thesis, the reliability of secret key generation at the physical layer is examined in practical wireless channels with imperfect channel state information (CSI). Theoretical analyses are provided to relate key match rate with channel's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), degrees of channel reciprocity, and iterations of information reconciliation.\nIn order to increase key match rate of physical layer secret key generation, improved schemes in the steps of channel estimation and sample quantization are proposed respectively. In the channel estimation step, multiple observations of the wireless channels are integrated with a linear processor to provide a synthesized and more accurate estimation of the wireless channel. In the sample quantization step, a magnitude based quantization method with two thresholds is proposed to quantize partial samples, where specific quantization areas are selected to reduce cross-over errors. Significant improvements in key match rate are proven for both schemes in theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Key match rate can even achieve 100% in both schemes with the assistance of information reconciliation process.\nIn the end, a practical application of physical layer secret key generation is presented, where dynamic keys extracted from the wireless channels are utilized for securing secret data transmission and providing efficient access control.
In this paper, we propose a novel method for two communicates to exchange a secret over a public wireless fading channel. Unlike conventional computationally secure public key methods, this technique is information theoretic and unconditionally secure provided that a component of the reciprocal channel fading over time between the two communicates is statistically independent with the channel fading from either communicate to the eavesdropper. This technique may be particularly well suited to secure tactical mobile communications. A simple protocol suitable for a lognormal shadowed fading channel is described and its key exchange rate is derived.
We present a physical layer approach aimed at providing information-theoretic security in wireless communication systems. Our secret key agreement scheme, which uses state-of-the-art error correcting codes and borrows ideas from quantum key distribution such as Gaussian reconciliation and privacy amplification, is capable of exploiting the physical properties of wireless fading channels in order to generate secret encryption keys. Focusing on the case of imperfect channel knowledge, we provide a performance analysis of the proposed security sub-system - both In theory and in practice
We propose a multi-level CSI quantization and key reconciliation scheme for physical layer security. The noisy wireless channel estimates obtained by the users first run through a transformation, prior to the quantization step. This enables the definition of guard bands around the quantization boundaries, tailored for a specific efficiency and not compromising the uniformity required at the output of the quantizer. Our construction results in an better key disagreement and initial key generation rate trade-off when compared to other level-crossing quantization methods.