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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Momentum, doping, and temperature-dependent single-particle spectral functions in the normal state of the underdoped cuprates

Jin An, Chang-De Gong

Published Apr 28, 2003• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

On the basis of the ${t\ensuremath{-}t}^{{}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{-}J$ model, we investigate in the U(1) slave-boson framework the possibility of the d-wave spinon-pairing state as the pseudogap state in the underdoped cuprates. We calculate the single-particle spectral functions and density of states at different doping levels and different temperatures. We compare our calculations with the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopies and tunneling experiments, and find they are consistent with each other.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.67.134523

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On the basis of the t\ensuremath−t\ensuremath′\ensuremath−J{t\ensuremath{-}t}^{{}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{-}Jt\ensuremath−t\ensuremath′\ensuremath−J model, we investigate in the U(1) slave-boson framework the possibility of the d-wave spinon-pairing state as the pseudogap state in the underdoped cuprates. We calculate the single-particle spectral functions and density of states at different doping levels and different temperatures. We compare our calculations with the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopies and tunneling experiments, and find they are consistent with each other.
A model with d-wave pairing symmetry is studied by employing a nonperturbative sum-rule approach. At low temperature the magnitude of a normal-state pseudogap shows strong $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{k}$ or angle dependence well fitted by $\mathrm{cos}2\ensuremath{\varphi}$ form. With increasing temperature, the pseudogap closes at some critical angle ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{c},$ and beyond this angle a single quasiparticlelike peak appears. The resulting Fermi surface is strongly temperature dependent. Both in the spectral function and the density of states, the pseudogap disappears in a manner that the spectral weight fills in the pseudogap instead of closing it with increasing temperature. All these features are qualitatively consistent with angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy for underdoped cuprates.
We compute high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of the Hubbard model using the unbiased determinant quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, revealing an asymmetry between electron and hole doping. Electron doping exhibits more coherent quasiparticles and stronger antiferromagnetic correlations compared to hole doping. At low doping, a nodal-antinodal dichotomy on the Fermi surface is observed, similar to cuprate experiments. The dichotomy reflects the momentum dependence of the Mott gap, as manifested in both the spectral function and the self-energy. For hole doping, we observe a transition towards the pseudogap, without signature of pocket formation. The simulated nuclear magnetic resonance pseudogap temperatures do not necessarily agree with the temperature determined by spectroscopy. These findings collectively suggest the pseudogap is a smooth crossover driven by strong correlations.
In recent years there has been significant work aimed at understanding what effect the variation of electronic doping has on material properties. In the high transition-temperature (high-Tc_cc​) cuprate superconductors hole doping has an impact on the superconducting transition temperature. In the underdoped regime, the cuprates exhibit anomalous properties due to a pseudogap which forms and is thought to be related to Mott insulating physics. While there is no general consensus as to the mechanism underlying high temperature superconductivity, the resonating valence bond (RVB) theory proposed by Anderson in 1987 with a Gutzwiller projected d-wave BCS wave function could give a first picture of the high-Tc_cc​ cuprates. We have calculated properties of the cuprates using the assumption that the pseudogap state acts as a normal state to an otherwise standard BCS mean field theory. We find that the phenomenological RVB spin liquid model proposed by Yang, Rice and Zhang (YRZ) is highly successful at describing the doping dependent features of the cuprates. Through application of the YRZ model and the tools of many-body theory we present results on anomalous properties observed in: electronic specific heat; Raman and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data; effective mass renormalization; and thermal broadening seen in ARPES. We verify that the YRZ ansatz qualitatively describes these anomalies along with their doping dependent variations. We conclude from this work that the physics underlying the pseudogap, while distinct in origin from superconductivity, is likely to arise from an RVB wavefunction that is closely related to the BCS state. In graphene, variation in doping modifies the polarization function which describes a screened electron-electron interaction. This leads to additional features in the spectral function which are due to electron-plasmon coupling. In this work, we calculated the electronic density of states including this interaction along with its doping dependence with and without an electron-phonon interaction. We find clear features of electron-electron interactions in the density of states. These features are related to the energies of plasmaron bands in the spectral function and can be modified through doping so as to be distinct from the phonon energy scales.
We present reliable many-body calculations for the $t\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}{t}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}U$ Hubbard model that explain in detail the results of recent angle-resolved photoemission experiments on electron-doped high-temperature superconductors. The origin of the pseudogap is traced to two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations whose calculated temperature-dependent correlation length also agrees with recent neutron scattering measurements. We make specific predictions for photoemission, for neutron scattering, and for the phase diagram.
The single particle spectral function for the normal state of underdoped high TcT_cTc​ cuprates is studied within the slave particle framework. We find that the presence of a massless dynamical gauge field - a direct consequence of the quantum order - explains the broad, but not totally incoherent, line-shapes observed in experiments. The issue of the negative anomalous dimension of a recently proposed gauge invariant single particle amplitude is also considered. We show how the anomalous behavior of the single particle amplitude can be incorporated within the slave particle approach and, thus reinterpreted, lead to physical phenomenology.
We study the anomalous normal-state properties of a simple two-dimensional model whose ground state is a ddd-wave superconductor. Using a self-consistent, conserving formulation, we show that pairing correlations above Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ lead to the appearance of a highly anisotropic pseudogap in the electronic spectral function and the destruction of the Fermi surface. We discuss the similarities and differences between our results and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments on underdoped cuprates.