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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Measurement Induced Diffraction of Atoms from a Light Grating

Gerhard Rempe, S. Kunze, Klaus Dickmann

Published Jan 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/eqec.1996.561769

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Diffraction of atoms from a standing light wave

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We report on an experiment with polarized atoms passing a standing light wave, where the atom's position is encoded (entangled) with the excitation amplitude of two long lived electronic states. Position information can be obtained a posteriori by measuring the electronic state. If this measurement is performed, the atom is localized in an array of virtual slits. This gives rise to diffraction of the atomic de Broglie waves from a measurement induced amplitude grating, thus showing the back action onto the momentum due to the localization. We further demonstrate experimentally that the encoding can be totally erased.
An electromagnetically induced phase grating (EIG) controlled by coherent population trapping (CPT) in a four-level Y-type atomic system is studied. The CPT condition promotes significantly the dispersion of light into the first-order diffraction in constructing a phase modulation grating by transferring energy from zero-order to first-order diffraction. The diffraction efficiency of the phase grating is enhanced by up to 30% of the total probe intensity at the first-order diffraction. The present atomic scheme takes full advantage of the microwave-driven field for generating the EIG, which induces the quantum coherence and controls linear and nonlinear behaviors of the present system. Furthermore, it is noticed that the higher-order diffraction intensities are improved via a microwave-driven field and the phase and amplitude of the microwave field can improve the efficiency of the phase grating. These novel results could find potential applications in developing new photonic devices, such as all-optical switching at low light levels.