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International Journal of Modern Physics C

STUDY OF A RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM HARMONIC OSCILLATOR BY THE METHOD OF STATE-DEPENDENT DIAGONALIZATION

H. C. Lee, K.L. Liu, Chi‐Fai Lo

Published Oct 1, 1996• 1 citation

Abstract

We apply the method of State-dependent Diagonalization to study the eigenstates of the relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator in the low relativistic limit. The relativistic corrections of the energy eigenvalues of the quantum harmonic oscillator are evaluated for different values of the relativistic parameter α ≡ ħω0 / m0c2. Unlike the conventional exact diagonalization, this new method is shown to be very efficient for evaluating the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. We have also found that for non-zero α the eigenfunctions of the system become more localized in space and that the ground state of the SHO (i.e., the α = 0 case) turns into a squeezed state. Furthermore, since our system is a special case of the quantum harmonic oscillator with a velocity-dependent anharmonic potential, this new approach should be very useful for investigating the cases with more complicated velocity-dependent anharmonic potentials.

DOI: 10.1142/s0129183196000545

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We apply the method of State-dependent Diagonalization to study the eigenstates of the relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator in the low relativistic limit. The relativistic corrections of the energy eigenvalues of the quantum harmonic oscillator are evaluated for different values of the relativistic parameter α ≡ ħω0 / m0c2. Unlike the conventional exact diagonalization, this new method is shown to be very efficient for evaluating the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. We have also found that for non-zero α the eigenfunctions of the system become more localized in space and that the ground state of the SHO (i.e., the α = 0 case) turns into a squeezed state. Furthermore, since our system is a special case of the quantum harmonic oscillator with a velocity-dependent anharmonic potential, this new approach should be very useful for investigating the cases with more complicated velocity-dependent anharmonic potentials.

Abstract A recently proposed approach to relativistic quantum mechanics (Grave de Peralta, Poveda, Poirier in Eur J Phys 42:055404, 2021) is applied to the problem of a particle in a quadratic potential. The methods, both exact and approximate, allow one to obtain eigenstate energy levels and wavefunctions, using conventional numerical eigensolvers applied to Schrödinger-like equations. Results are obtained over a nine-order-of-magnitude variation of system parameters, ranging from the non-relativistic to the ultrarelativistic limits. Various trends are analyzed and discussed—some of which might have been easily predicted, others which may be a bit more surprising.

Quantum relativistic solutions for a particle in a one-dimensional Morse potential are presented using methods previously proposed and applied to a particle in a harmonic oscillator. The methods lead to both numerical and analytical solutions, with the latter allowing smooth variation of the system parameters from non-relativistic to ultrarelativistic limits. Analytical expressions for the energy levels and wavefunctions are obtained, as solutions to a Schrödinger-type equation, including relativistic effects through a state dependent rescaled mass. The eigenstates of the Morse potential exhibit suitable and smooth behavior, and approach the corresponding harmonic oscillator solutions as the depth of the Morse potential well increases, as expected. A comparison is also presented between the relativistic harmonic oscillator obtained with this method, and the so-called Klein-Gordon oscillator.

The Klein Gordon equation for the harmonic oscillator may be written as (E-.5kx2)2=p2+mo2 ((1)) where mo is the rest mass and p the relativistic momentum. In the literature, it is argued that the resulting x4 term dominates for large x and prevents the Klein Gordon equation from being solved for bound states. As a result, it is replaced with an equation of the form: (E2-mo2) = (p-imwx)(p+imw) ((2)) where p=-ihbar d/dx in one dimension which may be solved exactly. Recently, the authors of (1) have used perturbation theory to calculate energy changes to ((1)) by using -.5V2 - e2 +2eV as a perturbative potential where V=.5kx2 and E=e+mo. They utilise the unperturbed wavefunction exp(-ax2) so large x4 values are damped. Their results are close to the exact calculations of ((2)) for the case of k=1 and m=1. In this note, we argue that for an oscillator there are classical turning points at which the quantum average kinetic energy -1/2m d/dx d/dx W should be zero and small nearby even if the average kinetic energy near x=0 corresponds to relativistic momenta. Thus, it is argued there are different spatial regions, each with its own quantum equation. The Schrodinger equation may be applied to regions near the classical turning point moving to infinite. In such a case, there is no issue with an x4 term. Near x=0, the full Klein Gordon equation ((1)) may be applied. There are questions of then matching the two sets of solutions. In this note, we attempt to investigate this scenario and compare results with those of (1) and (2). (1) and (2) suggest similar relativistic corrections to the nonrelativistic ground state oscillator energy of more than 20%. In this note, we suggest a smaller value.