Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE International Conference on Photonics

Two way Quantum Key Distribution protocol with Weak+Vacuum decoy state

Mohd Fared Abdul Khir, Iskandar Bahari, Abang Annuar Ehsan

Published Oct 1, 2011• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider a practical implementation of decoy state protocol with a two way Quantum Key Distribution protocol using the Weak+Vacuum decoy state scheme. The result from numerical simulation was very encouraging given that the maximum secure distance was very close to the case of maximum theoretical limit using infinite decoy state.
DOI
10.1109/icp.2011.6106858

Related papers

Weak+Vacuum and One Decoy States with Two Way Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

Mohd Fared Abdul Khir, Iskandar Bahari, Sellami Ali +1 more

We present relevant bounds for the case of weak+vacuum decoy state and one decoy state for a two-way four states Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol. The numerical simulation result is significant given that an improvement in maximum secure distance of nearly twice the original one is achieved.

arXiv:1108.4756•Open Systems & Information Dynamics•Jun 1, 2013•4 citations

Secure communication with practical two way Quantum Key Distribution protocol and Weak+ Vacuum decoy state

Mohd Fared Abdul Khir, Iskandar Bahari

A practical implementation of a two way Quantum Key Distribution protocol namely the LM05 protocol with the Weak+Vacuum decoy state protocol having the double photon gain excluded from the final secure key rate calculation is reconsidered. The numerical analysis result has shown that the performance was better than the case when single and double photon gain was lumped.

IEEE International Conference on Photonics•Oct 1, 2013•1 citation

Practical decoy state for quantum key distribution

Xiongfeng Ma, Bing Qi, Yi Bing Zhao +1 more

Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). Here, we present a general theory of the decoy state protocol based on only two decoy states and one signal state. We perform optimization on the choice of intensities of the two decoy states and the signal state. Our result shows that a decoy state protocol with only two types of decoy states---the vacuum and a weak decoy state---asymptotically approaches the theoretical limit of the most general type of decoy state protocol (with an infinite number of decoy states). We also present a one-decoy-state protocol. Moreover, we provide estimations on the effects of statistical fluctuations and suggest that, even for long-distance (larger than 100 km) QKD, our two-decoy-state protocol can be implemented with only a few hours of experimental data. In conclusion, decoy state quantum key distribution is highly practical.

arXiv:quant-ph/0503005•Physical Review A•Jul 20, 2005•1,139 citations

DECOY STATE QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION

Hoi‐Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to communicate in absolute security based on the fundamental laws of physics. Up till now, it is widely believed that unconditionally secure QKD based on standard Bennett-Brassard (BB84) protocol is limited in both key generation rate and distance because of imperfect devices. Here, we solve these two problems directly by presenting new protocols that are feasible with only current technology. Surprisingly, our new protocols can make fiber-based QKD unconditionally secure at distances over 100km (for some experiments, such as GYS) and increase the key generation rate from O(η2) in prior art to O(η) where η is the overall transmittance. Our method is to develop the decoy state idea (first proposed by W.-Y. Hwang in "Quantum Key Distribution with High Loss: Toward Global Secure Communication", Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 057901 (2003)) and consider simple extensions of the BB84 protocol. This part of work is published in "Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution", . We present a general theory of the decoy state protocol and propose a decoy method based on only one signal state and two decoy states. We perform optimization on the choice of intensities of the signal state and the two decoy states. Our result shows that a decoy state protocol with only two types of decoy states—a vacuum and a weak decoy state—asymptotically approaches the theoretical limit of the most general type of decoy state protocols (with an infinite number of decoy states). We also present a one-decoy-state protocol as a special case of Vacuum+Weak decoy method. Moreover, we provide estimations on the effects of statistical fluctuations and suggest that, even for long distance (larger than 100km) QKD, our two-decoy-state protocol can be implemented with only a few hours of experimental data. In conclusion, decoy state quantum key distribution is highly practical. This part of work is published in "Practical Decoy State for Quantum Key Distribution", . We also have done the first experimental demonstration of decoy state quantum key distribution, over 15km of Telecom fibers. This part of work is published in "Experimental Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution Over 15km", .

International Journal of Quantum Information•Nov 1, 2005•16 citations

Secure Communication with One Decoy State and Two Way Quantum Key Distribution Scheme

Mohd Fared Abdul Khir, Iskandar Bahari, M. N. Mohd Zain +1 more

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides a mean for unconditionally secure secret key sharing for secure communication. For a practical QKD system, the recently proposed decoy state protocol has become an essential tool. In this work, we conduct numerical analysis against several bounds for one decoy state with two way QKD protocol and compare their performance in terms of key rate and maximum secure distance.

•Jan 1, 2013•1 citation

Analysis of decoy state quantum-key-distribution system

Rongzhen Jiao, Zhang Wen-Han, 北京邮电大学理学院，北京 100876

The security of quantum-key-distribution system is analyzed using the decoy state protocol with two weak decoy states and one signal state. The comparison is based on the key generation rate as a function of distance for two types of decoy states: the vacuum and a weak decoy state, asymptotically approaching the theoretical limit of the most general type of decoy protocol, one-decoy-state protocol. We studied the two-decoy-state protocol in connection with the intensity of signal state, and the gain of signal states, the overall quantum bit error rate, the gain of single-photon states and the error rate of single-photon states and arrived at the optimal condition which maximizes the key generation rate.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2009•5 citations
Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). Here, we present a general theory of the decoy state protocol based on only two decoy states and one signal state. We perform optimization on the choice of intensities of the two decoy states and the signal state. Our result shows that a decoy state protocol with only two types of decoy states---the vacuum and a weak decoy state---asymptotically approaches the theoretical limit of the most general type of decoy state protocol (with an infinite number of decoy states). We also present a one-decoy-state protocol. Moreover, we provide estimations on the effects of statistical fluctuations and suggest that, even for long-distance (larger than 100 km) QKD, our two-decoy-state protocol can be implemented with only a few hours of experimental data. In conclusion, decoy state quantum key distribution is highly practical.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to communicate in absolute security based on the fundamental laws of physics. Up till now, it is widely believed that unconditionally secure QKD based on standard Bennett-Brassard (BB84) protocol is limited in both key generation rate and distance because of imperfect devices. Here, we solve these two problems directly by presenting new protocols that are feasible with only current technology. Surprisingly, our new protocols can make fiber-based QKD unconditionally secure at distances over 100km (for some experiments, such as GYS) and increase the key generation rate from O(η2) in prior art to O(η) where η is the overall transmittance. Our method is to develop the decoy state idea (first proposed by W.-Y. Hwang in "Quantum Key Distribution with High Loss: Toward Global Secure Communication", Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 057901 (2003)) and consider simple extensions of the BB84 protocol. This part of work is published in "Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution", . We present a general theory of the decoy state protocol and propose a decoy method based on only one signal state and two decoy states. We perform optimization on the choice of intensities of the signal state and the two decoy states. Our result shows that a decoy state protocol with only two types of decoy states—a vacuum and a weak decoy state—asymptotically approaches the theoretical limit of the most general type of decoy state protocols (with an infinite number of decoy states). We also present a one-decoy-state protocol as a special case of Vacuum+Weak decoy method. Moreover, we provide estimations on the effects of statistical fluctuations and suggest that, even for long distance (larger than 100km) QKD, our two-decoy-state protocol can be implemented with only a few hours of experimental data. In conclusion, decoy state quantum key distribution is highly practical. This part of work is published in "Practical Decoy State for Quantum Key Distribution", . We also have done the first experimental demonstration of decoy state quantum key distribution, over 15km of Telecom fibers. This part of work is published in "Experimental Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution Over 15km", .
The security of quantum-key-distribution system is analyzed using the decoy state protocol with two weak decoy states and one signal state. The comparison is based on the key generation rate as a function of distance for two types of decoy states: the vacuum and a weak decoy state, asymptotically approaching the theoretical limit of the most general type of decoy protocol, one-decoy-state protocol. We studied the two-decoy-state protocol in connection with the intensity of signal state, and the gain of signal states, the overall quantum bit error rate, the gain of single-photon states and the error rate of single-photon states and arrived at the optimal condition which maximizes the key generation rate.