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Canadian Journal of Physics

Excited state hyperfine structures in 133Cs using quantum beat spectroscopy

J. Sagle, William Arie van Wijngaarden

Published Jul 1, 1991• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum beats arising from the hyperfine interaction were observed in the fluorescence produced when the 8D3/2, 9D3/2, and 10D3/2 states of 133Cs radiatively decayed to the 6P1/2 state. The period of the beats equals the reciprocal of the magnetic dipole coupling constant a since the 133Cs nucleus has a negligibly small electric quadrupole moment. The results are a = 3.95 ± 0.01, 2.38 ± 0.01, and 1.54 ± 0.02 MHz for the 8D3/2, 9D3/2, and 10D3/2 states, respectively.

DOI
10.1139/p91-132

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Jun 9, 2015•0 citations
Quantum beats arising from the hyperfine interaction were observed in the fluorescence produced when the 8D3/2, 9D3/2, and 10D3/2 states of 133Cs radiatively decayed to the 6P1/2 state. The period of the beats equals the reciprocal of the magnetic dipole coupling constant a since the 133Cs nucleus has a negligibly small electric quadrupole moment. The results are a = 3.95 ± 0.01, 2.38 ± 0.01, and 1.54 ± 0.02 MHz for the 8D3/2, 9D3/2, and 10D3/2 states, respectively.
Quantum beats due to the hyperfine interaction were observed in the radiative decay of the 8D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ state in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb. The data agree well with theory allowing determination of the magnetic-dipole (\ensuremath{\Vert}a\ensuremath{\Vert}=0.879\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008 MHz) and electric-quadrupole (\ensuremath{\Vert}b\ensuremath{\Vert}=0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 MHz) (a/b>0) hyperfine constants. The results are consistent with those obtained for other D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ states in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. The observed magnetic-dipole constants for the nD3/2{\mathit{nD}}_{3/2}nD3/2​ n>7 states of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb are given to within 2% by the relation a(MHz)=252/n∗3{\mathit{n}}^{\mathrm{*}3}n∗3 where n∗{\mathit{n}}^{\mathrm{*}}n∗ is the effective principal quantum number.
The states were studied by selective detection of the fluorescence generated in atoms of the vapour by stepwise excitation, using as sources a conventional caesium lamp for the first step from the ground state and a pulsed, tunable laser for the second. The techniques of delayed coincidence counting were applied to measure the time distribution of intensity of the fluorescent light. The observed modulation, representing in each case a superposition of the hyperfine intervals showed a characteristic period which was interpreted as the reciprocal of the magnetic interaction constant a for the states in question. The relative simplicity of the modulation patterns is a consequence of the negligibly small quadrupole interaction in 133 Cs. With the polarizer oriented at cos -1 3 -1/2 to the analyzer the modulation was suppressed, leaving a simple exponential decay from which the lifetime of the population tau , could be determined.
Measurements of hyperfine polarization quantum beats are used to determine the magnetic dipole (A) and electric quadrupole (B) coupling constants in the excited atomic Cs 8p2P3/28p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}8p2P3/2​ level. The experimental approach is a combination of pulsed optical pumping and time-delayed stimulated-emission probing of the excited level. From the measured evolution of the atomic linear polarization degree as a function of probe delay time, we determine the hyperfine coupling constants A=7.42(6)A=7.42(6)A=7.42(6) MHz and B=0.14(29)B=0.14(29)B=0.14(29) MHz.
Hyperfine structure in three n 2 D 5/2 states (n=11, 12 and 13) of 87 Rb was investigated by the quantum-beat method in zero magnetic field. The states of interest were excited by two-photon absorption from a single hyperfine substate (with F=1) of the ground state. The magnetic-dipole interaction constant A and the electric-quadrupole interaction constant B were obtained by analysis of the modulation frequencies of the fluorescence signals (transition n 2 D 5/2 -5 2 P 3/2 ). The results (MHz) are as follows: mod A(11 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.361(7), mod B(11 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.071(11), mod A(12 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.266(9), mod B(12 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.063(14), mod A(13 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.20(1), mod B(13 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.05(2). For all the states, A and B differ in sign. The effective lifetimes obtained as a by-product of the experiment are also presented.