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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Microwave phenomena in thin- film Josephson junctions coupled to a contiguous microstrip resonator

Thomas F. Finnegan, Louis B. Holdeman, S. Wahlsten

Published Jan 1, 1977• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A half-wavelength microstrip resonator has been used to couple microwave radiation between Josephson junctions and an external 50 Ω transmission line, and various microwave properties of these resonator-coupled junction devices have been studied. The advantages of these devices in applications including coherent radiation emission, 2e/h precision voltage sources, and parametric plasma-related effects are described.

DOI
10.1109/tmag.1977.1059340

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A half-wavelength microstrip resonator has been used to couple microwave radiation between Josephson junctions and an external 50 Ω transmission line, and various microwave properties of these resonator-coupled junction devices have been studied. The advantages of these devices in applications including coherent radiation emission, 2e/h precision voltage sources, and parametric plasma-related effects are described.
A major factor in the practical utilization of any Josephson device for microwave and higher frequency applications (such as the generation and detection of electromagnetic radiation) is the success with which the junction device can be coupled to an external transmission line. As part of an experimental investigation of the electrodynamics of small arrays of Josephson tunnel junctions, the properties of the coherent radiation emitted both by individual junctions and by coupled junction systems have been studied at frequencies between 2 and 12 GHz. Near 9 GHz, more than 10-9 W of coherent radiation has been detected from a single Pb-Pb oxide-Pb junction coupled via waveguide. The development of thin film devices in which the tunnel junctions form part of a microstrip line have made it feasible to observe directly (in a single device) the radiation emitted both at the fundamental geometrical frequency and at the low order harmonics. The observed temperature dependence of the junction cavity Q indicate the low temperature losses are primarily due to cavity loading of the external transmission line.
The design, operation and details of construction of a fully shielded microwave-integrated-circuit holder suitable for use with thin-film superconducting microstrip circuitry including couplers, filters, impedance transformers and devices such as Josephson junctions are described. Several simple microwave coupling schemes for use with Josephson junction 2e/h frequency-to-voltage transducers illustrate the flexibility of the microstrip approach for coupling to thin-film Josephson junctions and semiconductor devices at cryogenic temperatures.
A promising method for microwave coupling to thin-film Josephson devices via microstripline techniques has been developed which has significant advantages over more traditional waveguide techniques. In particular, direct determination of intrinsic junction cavity parameters such as the geometrical resonance frequencies and Q values are made practical and compact cryogenic multi-octave microwave holders readily realized. The results of coupling experiments with Pb-Pb oxide-Pb and Nb-Nb oxide-Pb tunnel junctions are discussed and applications of these results to the design and construction of shielded single junction 2e/h devices and small multi-junction arrays are described.
Josephson soliton oscillators integrated in a resonator consisting of two closely spaced coplanar superconducting microstrips have been investigated experimentally. Pairs of long 1-D Josephson junctions with a current density of about 1000 A/cm/sup 2/ were made using the Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb trilayer technique. Different modes of half-wave resonances in the thin-film structure impose different magnetic field configurations at the boundaries of the junctions. The DC I-V characteristic shows zero-field steps with a number of resonator-induced steps. These structures are compared to RF-induced steps generated by phase-locking of the soliton motion to an external microwave source. The two different resonant configurations identified may be interpreted as a coupling to the microwave field at the end boundary and as a more homogeneous coupling distributed over the junction length.>
Three different schemes for coupling to low impedance Josephson devices have been investigated. They all employ superconducting thin-film microstrip circuit techniques. The schemes are: (i) a quarterwave stepped impedance transformer, (ii) a microstrip resonator, (iii) an adjustable impedance transformer in inverted microstrip. Using single microbridges to probe the performance we found that the most primising scheme in terms of coupling efficiency and useful bandwidth was the adjustable inverted microstrip transformer.
Measurements at 3 GHz of the microwave properties of a superconducting thin-film microbridge coupled to a narrowly tuned strip-line resonator (coupled Q approximately 10 3 ) indicate that such a device displays the same variations in small-signal impedance as predicted by the resistively shunted junction model of a Josephson weak-link. Whenever this impedance becomes negative the microbridge is found to generate microwave radiation whose frequency is determined not by the junction bias voltage but by the natural resonance of the strip-line.