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Technical Physics

New methods for determining the polarization state of vacuum ultraviolet radiation

V. Yu. Bakman, Sergei V. Bobashev, Oleg S. Vasyutinskii

Published Sep 1, 1999• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two new methods are proposed for determining the polarization of vacuum ultraviolet radiation which permit the determination of an arbitrary polarization mode for photons with energies of 10–100 eV. The essence of these methods is to create and detect a nonequilibrium population of the magnetic sublevels of atoms and molecules excited by the original VUV radiation and then determine the polarization of this radiation based on these measurements in accordance with known formulas.

DOI
10.1134/1.1259481

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Two new methods are proposed for determining the polarization of vacuum ultraviolet radiation which permit the determination of an arbitrary polarization mode for photons with energies of 10–100 eV. The essence of these methods is to create and detect a nonequilibrium population of the magnetic sublevels of atoms and molecules excited by the original VUV radiation and then determine the polarization of this radiation based on these measurements in accordance with known formulas.
Abstract We report generation of spectrally bright vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and deep UV (DUV) coherent radiations at the wavelengths of 192 nm, 198 nm and 204 nm. These DUV/VUV radiations originate from resonant four-wave mixing assisted by quantum coherence in tunnel-ionized CO molecules. The electronic coherence is created when the pump pulses resonantly excite electronic transitions of CO+. The technique allows for the selective switch of DUV/VUV wavelengths provided by the abundant energy levels of molecular ions. The developed source can have arbitrary polarization states by manipulating the polarization of the pump pulse. It also exhibits a spectral bandwidth of 5∼7 cm−1, a divergence angle of 3∼5 mrad, a pulse duration of ∼10 ps, and a photon flux of ∼1010 photons/s. The superior temporal and spectral properties give rise to a broadband Raman comb in the DUV/VUV region.
In quantum information processing, one of the most common methods to represent a qubit is by means of the polarization degree of freedom of a photon. Efficient methods to determine the photon polarization state are hence the fundamental tools in the studies of qubit systems. In fact, both theoretically optimal and practical polarization measurement schemes have been investigated extensively in the past two decades. These studies nevertheless focus on the situation when a definite number of photons are given and the results demonstrate the polarization estimation performance in terms of the mean fidelity [1, 2].
The investigation of spectroscopy of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, 100-200 nm) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV, 10-100 nm) regions has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years because of its promising applications in such areas as spectroscopy of highly excited states of atoms and molecules, life science, plasma physics and material science. In this paper we report the study of molecular coherent spectrum in the VUV and XUV regions through nonlinear optical processes and the determination of the rotational temperature of molecules. Because molecular gases have abundant energy levels, it can provide resonant levels to enhance the generated radiation and a wide tunibility of the spectrum in VUV and XUV regions. The determination of the rotational temperature of molecules will be very useful for the study of molecular spectroscopy and the nonlinear optical process in VUV/XUV regions.
Using attosecond transient absorption, the dipole response of an argon atom in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region is studied when an external electromagnetic field is present. An isolated attosecond VUV pulse populates Rydberg states lying 15 eV above the argon ground state. A synchronized few-cycle near infrared (NIR) pulse modifies the oscillating dipoles of argon impulsively, leading to alterations in the VUV absorption spectra. As the NIR pulse is delayed with respect to the VUV pulse, multiple features in the absorption profile emerge simultaneously including line broadening, sideband structure, sub-cycle fast modulations, and 5–10 fs slow modulations. These features indicate the coexistence of two general processes of the light–matter interaction: the energy shift of individual atomic levels and coherent population transfer between atomic eigenstates, revealing coherent superpositions. An intuitive formula is derived to treat both effects in a unifying framework, allowing one to identify and quantify the two processes in a single absorption spectrogram.