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The European Physical Journal D

Quasidistributions for noncommuting cosine and sine operators

Vlasta Peřinová, A. Lukš, J. Křepelka

Published Jan 1, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A similarity between the photon annihilation and creation operators and the Susskind-Glogower exponential phase operators motivates the introduction and study of quasidistributions of the cosine and sine of phase. These quasidistributions are related to the standard and antistandard orderings of trigonometric phase operators and to the normal, antinormal, and symmetrical orderings of the exponential phase operators. The symmetrical ordering is connected to an optical ideal tomography of the appropriate quasidistribution from the rotated Susskind-Glogower cosine operator.

DOI
10.1007/pl00021602

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A similarity between the photon annihilation and creation operators and the Susskind-Glogower exponential phase operators motivates the introduction and study of quasidistributions of the cosine and sine of phase. These quasidistributions are related to the standard and antistandard orderings of trigonometric phase operators and to the normal, antinormal, and symmetrical orderings of the exponential phase operators. The symmetrical ordering is connected to an optical ideal tomography of the appropriate quasidistribution from the rotated Susskind-Glogower cosine operator.
We have previously developed a formalism for identifying quantum operators corresponding to the sine and cosine of the phase differences between two quantum fields.1 Our approach is based on what is actually measured in an experiment, and it leads to different operators for different measurement schemes. Predictions based on our theory differ from those based on the Susskind-Glogower and the Pegg-Barnett operators. We now present the results of new experiments designed to test the validity of our approach, including measurements of the higher moments of the sine and cosine for different quantum states. The results of all measurements confirm our formalism in every case.
The quantization of phase is still an open problem. In the approach of Susskind and Glogower so called cosine and sine operators play a fundamental role. Their eigenstates in the Fock representation are related with the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. Here we introduce more general cosine and sine operators whose eigenfunctions in the Fock basis are related in a similar way with arbitrary orthogonal polynomial sets on the intervall [-1,1]. To each polynomial set defined in terms of a weight function there corresponds a pair of cosine and sine operators. Depending on the symmetry of the weight function we distinguish generalized or extended operators. Their eigenstates are used to define cosine and sine representations and probability distributions. We consider also the inverse arccosine and arcsine operators and use their eigenstates to define cosine-phase and sine-phase distributions, respectively. Specific, numerical and graphical results are given for the classical orthogonal polynomials and for particular Fock and coherent states.