Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Deterministic secure quantum communication using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger GHZ4 state

Abderrahim El Allati, Y. Hassouni

Published Apr 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a deterministic secure quantum communication scheme by using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger GHZ4states. The scheme consists of sharing the correlation of four particle GHZ4states between the legitimate users. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, they begin to exchange the secret information according to their four-particle projective measurements and classical information. The security of the present scheme against many attacks is also discussed.

DOI
10.1109/icmcs.2011.5945726

Related papers

Quantum Steganography via Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger GHZ 4 State

Abderrahim El Allati, M. B. Ould Medeni, Y. Hassouni

A quantum steganography communication scheme via Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger GHZ 4 state is constructed to investigate the possibility of remotely transferred hidden information. Moreover, the multipartite entangled states are become a hectic topic due to its important applications and deep effects on aspects of quantum information. Then, the scheme consists of sharing the correlation of four particle GHZ 4 states between the legitimate users. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, they begin to hide the secret information in the cover of message. Comparing the scheme with the previous quantum steganographies, capacity and imperceptibility of hidden message are good. The security of the present scheme against many attacks is also discussed.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Apr 1, 2012•14 citations

MULTIPARTY CONTROLLED DETERMINISTIC SECURE QUANTUM COMMUNICATION THROUGH ENTANGLEMENT SWAPPING

Li Dong, Xiao‐Ming Xiu, Yajun Gao +1 more

A three-party controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme through entanglement swapping is proposed firstly. In the scheme, the sender needs to prepare a class of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states which are used as quantum channel. The two communicators may securely communicate under the control of the controller if the quantum channel is safe. The roles of the sender, the receiver, and the controller can be exchanged owing to the symmetry of the quantum channel. Different from other controlled quantum secure communication schemes, the scheme needs lesser additional classical information for transferring secret information. Finally, it is generalized to a multiparty controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme.

International Journal of Modern Physics C•Nov 1, 2008•8 citations

Novel Deterministic Secure Semi-Quantum Communication Based on GHZ-State Entanglement Compression Technology

Xiaoxue Zhang, Ri‐Gui Zhou, Wen-Shan Xu

Semi-quantum communication, serving as transitional technology between quantum communication and classical communication, bridges fully quantum-capable users with “classical” users who have limited quantum capabilities. It provides practical solution for application scenarios that struggle to bear high costs of quantum resources. This paper designs a novel deterministic secure semi-quantum communication protocol that significantly enhances communication efficiency by utilizing Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states for entanglement compression. The protocol consists of two core components: eavesdropping detection mechanism and transmission process for compressed and encrypted information sequences. During the eavesdropping detection phase, the protocol incorporates decoy photon technology to effectively expose and prevent potential eavesdropping attempts. In the secret information transmission phase, the protocol combines the advantages of a pseudo-random number generator driven by one-way hash function and GHZ-state-based entanglement compression technology to randomly rearrange and compress-encrypt the secret information, ensuring its high security and integrity during transmission. Ultimately, the receiver can accurately decrypt and restore the original secret information using a pre-agreed key. The protocol not only successfully integrates multiple advanced technologies to resist various attacks and ensure the absolute secure transmission of secret information, but also provides strong support for practical applications with its communication efficiency of up to 50% and high practicality.

Chinese Journal of Electronics•Jul 1, 2025•0 citations

Quantum secure direct communication with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-type state (GHZ state) over noisy channels

Zhang Xiaolong, Yuexia Zhang, Wei Hua

We propose a quantum error-rejection scheme for direct communication with three-qubit quantum codes based on the direct communication of secret messages without any secret key shared in advance. Given the symmetric and independent errors of the transmitted qubits, our scheme can tolerate a bit of error rate up to 33.1%, thus the protocol is deterministically secure against any eavesdropping attack even in a noisy channel.

Chinese Physics B•Feb 1, 2009•14 citations

Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing of Secure Direct Communication Using Teleportation

Jian Wang, Quan Zhang, Chaojing Tang

We present an ( n , n ) threshold quantum secret sharing scheme of secure direct communication using Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state and teleportation. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, the sender encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits it to the receivers by teleportation. The receivers can recover the secret message by combining their measurement results with the sender's result. If a perfect quantum channel is used, our scheme is completely secure because the transmitting particle sequence does not carry the secret message. We also show our scheme is secure for noise quantum channel.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Mar 1, 2007•33 citations

Efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing of secure direct communication

Jian Wang, Quan Zhang, Chaojing Tang

In this paper, we present an (n, n) threshold quantum secret sharing scheme of secure direct communication using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The present scheme is efficient in that all the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states used in the quantum secret sharing scheme are used to generate shared secret messages except those chosen for checking eavesdropper. In our scheme, the measuring basis of communication parties is invariable and the classical information used to check eavesdropping needs only the results of measurements of the communication parties. Another nice feature of our scheme is that the sender transmit her secret messages to the receivers directly and the receivers recover the sender's secret by combining their results, different from the QSS scheme whose object is essentially to allow a sender to establish a shared key with the receivers. This feature of our scheme is similar to that of quantum secret direct communication.

arXiv:quant-ph/0510212•Oct 27, 2005•0 citations
We propose a deterministic secure quantum communication scheme by using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger GHZ4states. The scheme consists of sharing the correlation of four particle GHZ4states between the legitimate users. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, they begin to exchange the secret information according to their four-particle projective measurements and classical information. The security of the present scheme against many attacks is also discussed.
A quantum steganography communication scheme via Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger GHZ 4 state is constructed to investigate the possibility of remotely transferred hidden information. Moreover, the multipartite entangled states are become a hectic topic due to its important applications and deep effects on aspects of quantum information. Then, the scheme consists of sharing the correlation of four particle GHZ 4 states between the legitimate users. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, they begin to hide the secret information in the cover of message. Comparing the scheme with the previous quantum steganographies, capacity and imperceptibility of hidden message are good. The security of the present scheme against many attacks is also discussed.
A three-party controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme through entanglement swapping is proposed firstly. In the scheme, the sender needs to prepare a class of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states which are used as quantum channel. The two communicators may securely communicate under the control of the controller if the quantum channel is safe. The roles of the sender, the receiver, and the controller can be exchanged owing to the symmetry of the quantum channel. Different from other controlled quantum secure communication schemes, the scheme needs lesser additional classical information for transferring secret information. Finally, it is generalized to a multiparty controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme.
Semi-quantum communication, serving as transitional technology between quantum communication and classical communication, bridges fully quantum-capable users with “classical” users who have limited quantum capabilities. It provides practical solution for application scenarios that struggle to bear high costs of quantum resources. This paper designs a novel deterministic secure semi-quantum communication protocol that significantly enhances communication efficiency by utilizing Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states for entanglement compression. The protocol consists of two core components: eavesdropping detection mechanism and transmission process for compressed and encrypted information sequences. During the eavesdropping detection phase, the protocol incorporates decoy photon technology to effectively expose and prevent potential eavesdropping attempts. In the secret information transmission phase, the protocol combines the advantages of a pseudo-random number generator driven by one-way hash function and GHZ-state-based entanglement compression technology to randomly rearrange and compress-encrypt the secret information, ensuring its high security and integrity during transmission. Ultimately, the receiver can accurately decrypt and restore the original secret information using a pre-agreed key. The protocol not only successfully integrates multiple advanced technologies to resist various attacks and ensure the absolute secure transmission of secret information, but also provides strong support for practical applications with its communication efficiency of up to 50% and high practicality.
We present an ( n , n ) threshold quantum secret sharing scheme of secure direct communication using Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state and teleportation. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, the sender encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits it to the receivers by teleportation. The receivers can recover the secret message by combining their measurement results with the sender's result. If a perfect quantum channel is used, our scheme is completely secure because the transmitting particle sequence does not carry the secret message. We also show our scheme is secure for noise quantum channel.
In this paper, we present an (n, n) threshold quantum secret sharing scheme of secure direct communication using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The present scheme is efficient in that all the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states used in the quantum secret sharing scheme are used to generate shared secret messages except those chosen for checking eavesdropper. In our scheme, the measuring basis of communication parties is invariable and the classical information used to check eavesdropping needs only the results of measurements of the communication parties. Another nice feature of our scheme is that the sender transmit her secret messages to the receivers directly and the receivers recover the sender's secret by combining their results, different from the QSS scheme whose object is essentially to allow a sender to establish a shared key with the receivers. This feature of our scheme is similar to that of quantum secret direct communication.