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Physical Review C

Finite and infinite boson expansions

F.J.W. Hahne

Published May 1, 1981• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A comparison between the finite Dyson-type and the infinite Holstein-Primakoff-type boson expansion is presented, considering both particle-hole and pairing type excitations. The significance of truncating to the truly collective branches is emphasized, and the convergence of the Holstein-Primakoff expansion is discussed. It is shown that in both expansions there is no need to construct physical basis states. Complete equivalence between the two types of expansion is exhibited by treating these excitations within models which are schematic but not totally unrealistic.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Boson expansion theory, convergence, comparison of different methods, finite Dyson expansion, infinite Holstein-Primakoff expansion, pairing and particle-hole collective motions.

DOI
10.1103/physrevc.23.2305

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A comparison between the finite Dyson-type and the infinite Holstein-Primakoff-type boson expansion is presented, considering both particle-hole and pairing type excitations. The significance of truncating to the truly collective branches is emphasized, and the convergence of the Holstein-Primakoff expansion is discussed. It is shown that in both expansions there is no need to construct physical basis states. Complete equivalence between the two types of expansion is exhibited by treating these excitations within models which are schematic but not totally unrealistic.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Boson expansion theory, convergence, comparison of different methods, finite Dyson expansion, infinite Holstein-Primakoff expansion, pairing and particle-hole collective motions.
When the Holstein-Primakoff (Hermitian)-type boson expansion theory is applied for nuclear structure calculations, truncation at the fourth-order expansion of the boson Hamiltonian is often used. The Dyson-type boson mapping has no difficulty concerning boson expansion, since the Dyson boson Hamiltonian is written in up to sixth-order boson operators, and we do not have to make any truncation of the boson expansion. In the present work, we propose a new clear-cut method to obtain the normal-ordered Holstein-Primakoff boson expansion. Using this method, we test whether or not the truncation of the boson expansion is good approximation in various cases. We show that truncation at the fourth-order expansion of the normal-ordered Holstein-Primakoff boson Hamiltonian is a rather good approximation, but it is not sufficient for detailed analyses.
For the last decades Boson expansion theory has played an effective role in the development of approximate solutions to the many-body problem in nuclear physics [1]. These techniques also provide promising tools to address solutions for quantum field theories [2]. In a recent work, we have succeeded in combining an extended form of the Holstein-Primakoff mapping (EHPM) [3] with thermofield-dynamics [4] to generate a consistent thermal boson expansion for quantum mechanical systems such as the bosonic O(N) anharmonic oscillator as well as the fermionic Lipkin model [7]. The analogue of the first of these two models in four space-time dimensions can be used to address important questions such as the chiral transition for two flavors QCD or the scattering of pions at zero and finite temperature. It is also found that the EHPM removes number of ambiguities when computing anharmonicities in the next-to-leading order of the 1/N expansion [7], which are very much relevant to the ππ scattering problem, for instance. Furthermore, the EHPM allows to extend the use of the boson expansion approach to quantum systems with internal SU(N) symmetry where one is confronted with theories having tensor couplings LI = fijklφiφjφkφl + gijkφiφjφk +..., (1) and which calls for a simultaneous bosonization of both pair and single modes. This opens, indeed, the possibility to ultimately address the question of the chiral transition in SU(3) flavor QCD in four space-time dimensions. This point, although crucial for the understanding of the QCD phase diagram, has not been adequately addressed before due to the fact that the 1/Nf expansion cannot be correctly sorted out with known techniques [6]. The approach highlighted above and which fundamentally relies on the bosonization of the generators of the Sp2⊗N1 semidirect product group, (aa)I = √ 2+4(n + m)A, (a + a)I =2n+ m, (a)I = √ 2+4(n + m)Γ(m)α +2α + A Γ(m),
Abstract. A Hamiltonian describing the collective behaviour of N interacting spins can be mapped to a bosonic one employing the Holstein-Primakoff realisation, at the expense of having an infinite series in powers of the boson creation and annihilation operators. Truncating this series up to quadratic terms allows for the obtention of analytic solutions through a Bogoliubov transformation, which becomes exact in the limit N → ∞. The Hamiltonian exhibits a phase transition from single spin excitations to a collective mode. In a vicinity of this phase transition the truncated solutions predict the existence of singularities for finite number of spins, which have no counterpart in the exact diagonalization. Renormalisation allows to extract from these divergences the exact behaviour of relevant observables with the number of spins around the phase transition, and relate it with the class of universality to which the model belongs. In the present work a detailed analysis of these aspects is presented for the Lipkin model.
Spin-wave theory provides a quasiparticle description of excitation spectra in quantum spin systems. In this theory, the spin operators are usually bosonized by the Holstein-Primakoff transformation or the Dyson-Maleev transformation. In practical calculations, the bosonized Hamiltonian has to be truncated, and thus the resulting excitation spectra depend on the choice of bosonic representation. Here, we introduce a generalized Holstein-Primakoff transformation that continuously interpolates between the conventional Holstein-Primakoff and Dyson-Maleev transformations through a single parameter. The formulation naturally extends to the SU(N) algebra and provides a flexible framework for optimizing bosonic truncations beyond harmonic order. As an application, we investigate the spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic model on the square lattice. By combining the generalized Holstein-Primakoff transformation with continuous similarity transformations, we obtain excitation spectra in excellent agreement with tensor-network calculations. Our results demonstrate that optimizing the bosonic representation substantially reduces truncation errors and provides quantitatively reliable descriptions of both quasiparticle dispersions and multi-boson continua.