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Journal of Modern Optics

Excitation of atomic coherence at XUV transition by using a far-off resonant two-frequency driving field

Yuri V. Rostovtsev

Published Nov 10, 2008• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study population transfer in a three-level system interacting with a strong off-resonant electromagnetic field consisting of radiation with two optical frequencies. We show that the presence of the second frequency broadens multi-photon resonances and even for higher than 3-photon resonances the probability of excitation weakly depends on optical frequency. We discuss possible applications of results obtained for generation of XUV radiation.

DOI
10.1080/09500340802491635

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We study population transfer in a three-level system interacting with a strong off-resonant electromagnetic field consisting of radiation with two optical frequencies. We show that the presence of the second frequency broadens multi-photon resonances and even for higher than 3-photon resonances the probability of excitation weakly depends on optical frequency. We discuss possible applications of results obtained for generation of XUV radiation.
Abstract The interaction of three and two-level atomic systems with two electromagnetic fields, a weak near resonant high-frequency and a strong off-resonant low-frequency ones, is analyzed by applying the method of multiple-scale perturbation theory. We consider two examples: (1) a three-level Λ system interacting with a weak XUV field at the high-energy transition and a strong IR field at the adjacent low-energy transition. The IR field will periodically Stark modulate the energy of the most excited state, which will result in generation of sidebands of the XUV field at the frequencies multiple of the IR field modulation frequency; (2) a two-level atom interacting with a weak near-resonant high-frequency and an off-resonant low-frequency field, which is related to the quantum amplification by superradiant emission of radiation problem.
A three-level atom interacting with classical electromagnetic fields is coherently excited by a two-photon transition near resonance and subsequently makes a second transition driven at resonance by a weak ir field at the noise level. Our calculation predicts generation of an electromagnetic field at a third frequency in the uv from zero field. Calculations show a gain of the uv radiation with propagation through the medium, though the populations of the two levels involved are never inverted. Other calculations produce a pulsed amplifier, two-photon optical nutation, and free induction memory. An effective susceptibility is defined and its imaginary part is found to be a good indicator of mode specific absorption and emission by the atomic state, and its real part a good indicator of dispersion. These calculations exemplify the possibility of coherent control over an atomic vapor and the production of a superradient macroscopic ensemble of states in the retarded frame for realistic parameters.
A three-level system which radiates at both intermediate transition frequencies is considered to be coherently pumped at a frequency near the two-photon resonance frequency. A sharply resonant rise in the second- and third-level population is found for slight detuning of the pump from two-photon resonance. Population inversion in either transition is shown to be possible, depending on the pertinent parameters. This effect furnishes a novel method of population inversion at a frequency higher than the pump frequency. Keywords include: Laser, Laser-type devices, Coherent pumping, Three-level systems, and Quantum electronics.
The nonlinear interaction of two intense optical waves with three energy levels of an atomic system is analyzed theoretically. The frequencies of the applied fields are assumed to be on or near two of the resonances involving the three levels. Particular attention is given to the generation of power at the difference frequency of the two applied fields where their frequency separation lies in the far-infrared range of the spectrum. In the limit of large input fields where atomic transitions are driven to saturation, the generated difference-frequency power is no longer proportional to the product of the two input powers. It is shown that, in this limit, the total rate of emission of photons at the difference frequency may, in principle, approach a value given by rNT\frac{\mathrm{rN}}{T}TrN​, where NNN is the total number of atoms, TTT is the average time of coherent interaction of atoms and the radiation field, and rrr is a factor which in favorable cases approaches unity at low temperatures. Also, a number of additional effects are encountered due to coherent double-quantum transitions among various levels which may be ignored only for weak input powers. These effects are highly dependent on the modes of relaxations of atomic levels and the details of the line shape. The results are applied to several cases, in which the resonance condition yields large efficiency in nonlinear frequency mixing.