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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom excited by a superposition of coherent states, and the instability of the average atomic dipole moment

S. Ya. Kilin, Vyacheslav Shatokhin

Published Apr 1, 1997• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We find the evolution of average atomic variables in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom excited by a superposition of coherent states shifted in phase by π . A new effect is predicted, the quantum instability of the average atomic dipole moment, with a strong correlation between atom and field being the reason. We propose different ways of verifying the effect in experiments involving high- Q optical and microwave cavities.

DOI
10.1134/1.558195

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We find the evolution of average atomic variables in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom excited by a superposition of coherent states shifted in phase by π . A new effect is predicted, the quantum instability of the average atomic dipole moment, with a strong correlation between atom and field being the reason. We propose different ways of verifying the effect in experiments involving high- Q optical and microwave cavities.
The resonance fluorescence of an individual atom excited by an optical field in a Yurke-Stoler state, consisting of a superposition of two coherent states with opposite phase, is studied. It is proposed that the decoherence of the field state be eliminated by means of electrooptic feedback [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 , 840 (1997)]. The master equation for the density operator of the atom-field system is derived and an analytic solution is obtained for the case where the change in the field is adiabatically slow. It is shown that the interaction entangles the atomic and field states. A new effect is predicted: there are no Rabi oscillations of the dipole moment and of the atomic populations with the excitation method described.
A simple physical model is presented which explains the asymmetry recently predicted in the fluorescence spectra from a two-level atom driven slightly off resonance by a partially coherent field. The asymmetry is due to a continuing reinitiation of the transient response of the atom as its dipole moment tries to settle down to a steady-state phase relation with the fluctuating applied field. A Lorentz-model calculation based on this idea is able to give a qualitative explanation of the spectra at all field strengths, and a quantitative explanation of the low-intensity spectra. The predicted spectra are compared with those recently derived by Kimble and Mandel.
The dynamical behavior of an atom interacting with a coherent and a chaotic field is investigated. Langevin equations describing the time dependent behavior of the dipole moment and population inversion are numerically integrated using Monte-Carlo techniques. The model can account for a finite correlation time for the chaotic component. Results on fluctuations in the fluorescence intensity from an ensemble of two-level atoms and the power spectra of these intensity fluctuations are presented. The effect of detuning the pump field from the resonant frequency of the two-level atoms on the fluctuations in fluorescence is studied. The effect of field fluctuations on the macroscopic polarization produced by the atoms is also reported. The fluctuation behavior of the atomic fluorescence is found to be very sensitive to the correlation time of the stochastic component.