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Physical Review A

Theoretical aspects and experimental consequences of multiple photon-dressed discrete states in the atomic or molecular continuum

Alessandro Lami, N. K. Rahman

Published Nov 1, 1986• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The creation of multiple photon-dressed discrete states in the continuum by coupling N levels to a single resonance (atomic or molecular) is discussed. The conditions for the appearance of such states are established along with the experimental consequences that would reveal their presence. These include time-resolved ionization measurements as well as analysis of ionization yield as a function of frequencies.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.34.3908

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The creation of multiple photon-dressed discrete states in the continuum by coupling N levels to a single resonance (atomic or molecular) is discussed. The conditions for the appearance of such states are established along with the experimental consequences that would reveal their presence. These include time-resolved ionization measurements as well as analysis of ionization yield as a function of frequencies.
We present experimental results on the modification of a molecular ionization continuum through a laser-induced continuum structure. The effect is demonstrated in nitric oxide where the resonant 2 + 1 multiphoton-ionization process of the X 2 3/2 electronic ground state is modified by dressing the continuum with the electromagnetically embedded M 2 + Rydberg state. Through selection of a two-photon rovibronic transition via the D electronic state, a single rotational ground state level is excited to the continuum with one laser field. By adding an extra dressing field, a coupling is then established between this three-photon excited ground state level and one of the M state rotational levels. The modification due to the dressed continuum results in a modification of the ground state level ionization signal in one of the decay channels where an asymmetric line-shape resonance is electromagnetically induced. Limiting effects due to ac-Stark shifts are discussed.
A model of multiple resonances between groups of discrete and autoionizing levels is proposed for the description of the process of multiphoton ionization. The phenomena of the extremely rapid broadening and growth of amplitudes of the multiphoton resonances, observed experimentally in the yield of Sr+ and Ba+ ions [ J. Phys. B.14, 2253– 2359 ( 1981);Elementary Processes in Laser Radiation Field ( 1988), pp. 122– 153)] are explained on the basis of this model. The strong-coupling method was used in numerical calculations for Sr and Ba atoms in a strong laser field.
We examine the excitation of continuum-state resonances close to the threshold, paying particular attention to the breakdown of the Markov approximation and the consequences of this for initial-state time dependences and final-state spectra. Several theoretical dressed-state alternative descriptions are analyzed and compared: the nonperturbative coupling of a discrete state to a structured continuum with a threshold, the complete Fano diagonalization of the interacting system, and finally a partial diagonalization of the bound-state couplings to reveal the origin of dressed-state stabilization and partial decay suppression observed in this model.
A simple procedure of dressing the atomic states distorted in the presence of a potential, bound or continuum, by a laser field is discussed, and the validity of the developed dressing procedure is tested by evaluating the harmonic generation and multiphoton ionization processes for a one-dimensional model potential of the form V(x) = −(1 + x2)−1/2. The results are compared with the exact one-dimensional model calculations of Eberly et al. for the same processes [ Phys. Rev. Lett.62, 881 ( 1989)]. Several other dressed-state wave functions proposed by other authors are also tested.
We discuss the properties of atom-photon bound states in waveguide QED systems consisting of single or multiple atoms coupled strongly to a finite-bandwidth photonic channel. Such bound states are formed by an atom and a localized photonic excitation and represent the continuum analog of the familiar dressed states in single-mode cavity QED. Here we present a detailed analysis of the linear and nonlinear spectral features associated with single- and multiphoton dressed states and show how the formation of bound states affects the waveguide-mediated dipole-dipole interactions between separated atoms. Our results provide both a qualitative and quantitative description of the essential strong-coupling processes in waveguide QED systems, which are currently being developed in the optical and microwave regimes.