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Physical Review A

Addendum to “Efficient quantum-key-distribution scheme with nonmaximally entangled states”

Peng Xue, Chuan‐Feng Li, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Feb 4, 2002• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors call attention to previous work with related result, a quantum-key-distribution scheme based on partial unknown entanglement with Wigner's inequality to establish the security of the quantum channel. The sender chooses any entangled state from a certain set or its equivalent state randomly, and sends a sequence of particles out of each pair to the receiver. The two users each choose between two measurements along the fixed axes. In fact, this is a quantum cryptosystem based on mixed entanglement. The main paper was published in Phys. Rev. A 64, 032305 (2001).

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.034302

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The authors call attention to previous work with related result, a quantum-key-distribution scheme based on partial unknown entanglement with Wigner's inequality to establish the security of the quantum channel. The sender chooses any entangled state from a certain set or its equivalent state randomly, and sends a sequence of particles out of each pair to the receiver. The two users each choose between two measurements along the fixed axes. In fact, this is a quantum cryptosystem based on mixed entanglement. The main paper was published in Phys. Rev. A 64, 032305 (2001).
We propose an efficient quantum-key-distribution scheme based on entanglement. The sender chooses pairs of photons in one of the two equivalent nonmaximally entangled states randomly, and sends a sequence of photons from each pair to the receiver. The sender and receiver choose from the various bases independently but with substantially different probabilities, thus reducing the fraction of discarded data, and a significant gain in efficiency is achieved. We then show that refined data analysis like that proposed by Lo et al. (H. K. Lo, H. F. Chau, and M. Adrehali, e-print quant-ph/0011056) guarantees the security of our scheme against a biased eavesdropping strategy. Remarkably, our scheme is more efficient than distillation of singlets out of the nonmaximally entangled states and biased detection afterward.
An efficient two-step quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with orthogonal product states in the n ⊗ n ( n ⩾3) Hilbert space is presented. In this protocol, the particles in the orthogonal product states form two particle sequences. The sender, Alice, first sends one sequence to the receiver, Bob. After Bob receives the first particle sequence, Alice and Bob check eavesdropping by measuring a fraction of particles randomly chosen. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice sends the other particle sequence to Bob. By making an orthogonal measurement on the two particle sequences, Bob can obtain the information of the orthogonal product states sent by Alice. This protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity, high efficiency in that it uses all orthogonal product states in distributing the key except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers.
We propose a measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol using weak coherent states and entanglement from weak coherent pulses. To overcome the side channel attacks, the sender and the receiver use decoy states to verify the security of the quantum channel. Then, they use uncorrelated entangled pairs to establish a correlated entanglement between them. The protocol establishes entangled communication channel between the sender and the receiver without performing the quantum distillation protocol. The protocol provides protection against side channel attacks such as photon-number-splitting (PNS). During the communication process, each party chooses to prepare a decoy state or a signal state. Then, they send their signals to a third party who performs Bell state measurement and then announces the measurement result. Using the information from the third party, who also could be an attacker, the sender and the receiver analyze the communication channel for any abnormalities. After verifying the security of the communication channel, the sender and the receiver establish the entanglement together for sharing secret keys.