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Optics Communications

Measuring the phase of slow kerr-type nonlinearities: The role of phase modulation

F. Hache, Philippe Roussignol, D. Ricard, Christos Flytzanis

Published Oct 1, 1987• 12 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(87)90053-8

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We propose an apparatus that realizes direct observation of nonlinear phase shifts induced by cross-phase modulation. The apparatus is based on a polarization-division Sagnac interferometer incorporating Faraday rotators, which, in principle, enables phase robustness, flexibility, and lossless operation. Here, we present the measurement of nonlinear phase shifts in a photonic crystal fiber, demonstrating the advantage of our system in its application to waveguide-type Kerr media. This apparatus is applicable to lossless all-optical phase gates and switches.
We identify and discuss nonlinear phase noise arising in Kerr self-phase modulation of a coherent light pulse propagating through an attenuating medium with third-order nonlinearity in a dispersion-free setting. This phenomenon, accompanying the standard unitary Kerr transformation of the optical field, is described with high accuracy as Gaussian phase diffusion with parameters given by closed expressions in terms of the system properties. We show that the irreversibility of the nonlinear phase noise ultimately limits the ability to transmit classical information in the phase variable over a lossy single-mode bosonic channel with Kerr-type nonlinearity. Our model can be also used to estimate the amount of squeezing attainable through self- phase modulation in a Kerr medium with distributed attenuation.