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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Plasmon-atom coupling for suppression of spontaneous emission

Zhijie Deng, Chang‐Seok Shin, Philip Hemmer

Published May 23, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Enhancement and suppression of spontaneous emission is vital to both quantum optics research and optoelectronics industry. Surface plasmon has been known to feature such characteristics. Waveguide-coupled-atom systems are studied for this goal. The enhancement is proportional to a field focusing factor and inverse to the group velocity along the waveguide. Comparison is made to the Purcell factor. A numerical example shows a promising structure with a grating-coupled plasmonic waveguide, projecting an emission enhancement by 51 times in spite of heat dissipation.

DOI
10.1117/12.610957

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Enhancement and suppression of spontaneous emission is vital to both quantum optics research and optoelectronics industry. Surface plasmon has been known to feature such characteristics. Waveguide-coupled-atom systems are studied for this goal. The enhancement is proportional to a field focusing factor and inverse to the group velocity along the waveguide. Comparison is made to the Purcell factor. A numerical example shows a promising structure with a grating-coupled plasmonic waveguide, projecting an emission enhancement by 51 times in spite of heat dissipation.
We summarize our studies of the plasmonic enhancements of the spontaneous two-photon emission. In particular, we draw attention to the rigorous investigation of quantum framework for the multi-photon spontaneous decay rates in an environment with arbitrary structure of electromagnetic modes. We demonstrate that nanostructured environment can be used for tailoring the basic characteristics of the two-photon emission such as spectrum, lifetime, and entanglement. Moreover, careful engineering of the two-photon Purcell enhancement may provide any desired spectral response and may serve as an ultimate route for designing light sources with novel properties.
Spontaneous emission from ensembles of quantum emitters (QEs) such as atoms, molecules or semiconductor quantum dots can be greatly enhanced by cooperative effects arising from electromagnetic correlations. We describe a cooperative mechanism for emission of light by an ensemble of QEs based upon cooperative energy transfer from QEs to localized surface plasmons in metal-dielectric structures followed by plasmon radiation at a rate that scales with the ensemble size. For large QE ensembles saturating the plasmon mode volume, we derive universal, i.e. independent of local field distribution, expression for cooperative Purcell factor that can by far exceed the field enhancement limits for individual QE in a hot spot. We also derive radiated power spectrum that retains the plasmon resonance lineshape and, in contrast to common cooperative mechanisms, is insensitive to natural variations of QEs' emission frequencies.
The rate of spontaneous emission is known to depend on the environment of a emitter, and the enhancement of one-photon emission in a resonant cavity is known as the Purcell effect. Here we develop a theory of spontaneous two-photon emission for a general electromagnetic environment including inhomogeneous dispersive and absorptive media. This theory is used to evaluate the two-photon Purcell enhancement in the vicinity of metallic nanoparticles and demonstrates that the surface-plasmon resonances supported by these particles can increase the emission rate by more than two orders of magnitude. The control over two-photon Purcell enhancement given by tailored nanostructured environments could provide an emitter with any desired spectral response and may serve as an ultimate route for designing light sources with novel properties.
The mechanism of using the anisotropic Purcell factor to control the spontaneous emission linewidths in a four-level atom is theoretically demonstrated; if the polarization angle bisector of the two dipole moments lies along the axis of large/small Purcell factor, destructive/constructive interference narrows/widens the fluorescence center spectral lines. Large anisotropy of the Purcell factor, confined in the subwavelength optical mode volume, leads to rapid spectral line narrowing of atom approaching a metallic nanowire, nanoscale line width pulsing following periodically varying decay rates near a periodic metallic nanostructure, and dramatic modification on the spontaneous emission spectrum near a custom-designed resonant plasmon nanostructure. The combined system opens a good perspective for applications in ultracompact active quantum devices.