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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Renormalization-group calculation for the two-dimensional square Ising model in a transverse magnetic field

J. E. Hirsch

Published Nov 1, 1979• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We apply a recently proposed real-space renormalization-group method to the two-dimensional square Ising model in a transverse magnetic field at zero temperature. We do the calculation to first and second order in the intercell coupling; in both cases we find a nontrivial fixed point. We compare the obtained critical exponents with accepted values for the three-dimensional Ising model from high-temperature series expansions. In first order the agreement is poor, in second order we obtain good agreement with the expected values.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.20.3907

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We apply a recently proposed real-space renormalization-group method to the two-dimensional square Ising model in a transverse magnetic field at zero temperature. We do the calculation to first and second order in the intercell coupling; in both cases we find a nontrivial fixed point. We compare the obtained critical exponents with accepted values for the three-dimensional Ising model from high-temperature series expansions. In first order the agreement is poor, in second order we obtain good agreement with the expected values.
A newly developed zero-temperature real-space renormalization-group method is applied to the quantum Ising model with a transverse field on different two-dimensional lattices: hexagonal, triangular, and quadratic. The order parameter, spin-spin correlation functions, the critical fields, and the critical exponents describing the low-field-large-field transition are calculated. The influence of size and shape of the spin blocks used in the iterative process is discussed. The results for triangular and hexagonal lattices are new; for the quadratic lattice the calculations show an encouraging agreement with previous series-expansion results. The expected equivalence to the critical behavior of the three-dimensional Ising model is discussed: A reasonable agreement is obtained for the hexagonal lattice.
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The equivalence of the critical behavior of the ddd-dimensional Ising model at a finite temperature to that of a ddd- 1 dimensional system at zero temperature as a function of a transverse magnetic field is used to calculate the critical exponents for the three-dimensional model by applying the Niemeijer-Van Leeuwen renormalization-group method to the two-dimensional problem.
A new formulation of the renormalization-group in real space, suitable for quantum spin systems is proposed. The method is applied to the two-dimensional spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ $X\ensuremath{-}Y$ model on a triangular lattice, the renormalization-group transformation being evaluated up to second order in an appropriate cumulant expansion. To first order an unstable fixed point of the transformation is found, corresponding to a critical temperature and critical indices in satisfactory qualitative agreement with present high-temperature series expansion estimates. In the second-order calculation, however, this fixed point disappears, thus throwing some doubt on the conventional picture of criticality as furnished by high-temperature series. The free energy of the model is also computed. For relatively small values of the nearest-neighbor coupling it is in good agreement with that found by high-temperature series analysis.
Series expansions are presented for the magnetisation, susceptibility, magnetic field derivatives of the susceptibility and 'specific heat' of the zero-temperature transverse Ising model. Coefficients in these series have been calculated to tenth order in lambda 2 (where lambda is the transverse field) for the linear chain, to eighth order for the square lattice and to seventh order for the triangular lattice. These series yield estimates of the low-temperature critical exponents alpha ', beta ', gamma ' and Delta ' of the two- and three-dimensional Ising models. They provide good evidence for the symmetry of exponents above and below the critical point, e.g. gamma '= gamma .