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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Renormalization-group transformation for quantum lattice systems at zero temperature

J. E. Hirsch, Gene F. Mazenko

Published Mar 1, 1979• 51 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a new renormalization-group (RG) method applicable to quantum systems defined on a lattice at zero temperature. We apply our method to the one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field and the two-dimensional triangular Ising model in a transverse field. In both cases, a nontrivial fixed point of our RG transformation is found. Critical exponents are calculated and compared with exact and previous RG results.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.19.2656

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We propose a new renormalization-group (RG) method applicable to quantum systems defined on a lattice at zero temperature. We apply our method to the one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field and the two-dimensional triangular Ising model in a transverse field. In both cases, a nontrivial fixed point of our RG transformation is found. Critical exponents are calculated and compared with exact and previous RG results.
A newly developed zero-temperature real-space renormalization-group method is applied to the quantum Ising model with a transverse field on different two-dimensional lattices: hexagonal, triangular, and quadratic. The order parameter, spin-spin correlation functions, the critical fields, and the critical exponents describing the low-field-large-field transition are calculated. The influence of size and shape of the spin blocks used in the iterative process is discussed. The results for triangular and hexagonal lattices are new; for the quadratic lattice the calculations show an encouraging agreement with previous series-expansion results. The expected equivalence to the critical behavior of the three-dimensional Ising model is discussed: A reasonable agreement is obtained for the hexagonal lattice.
We apply a recently proposed real-space renormalization-group method to the two-dimensional square Ising model in a transverse magnetic field at zero temperature. We do the calculation to first and second order in the intercell coupling; in both cases we find a nontrivial fixed point. We compare the obtained critical exponents with accepted values for the three-dimensional Ising model from high-temperature series expansions. In first order the agreement is poor, in second order we obtain good agreement with the expected values.
A zero-temperature real-space renormalization-group method is presented and applied to the quantum Ising model with a transverse field in one dimension. The transition between the low-field and high-field regimes is studied. Magnetization components, spin correlation functions, and critical exponents are derived and checked against the exact results. It is shown that increasing the size of the blocks in the iterative procedure yields more accurate results, especially for the critical "magnetic" exponents near the transition.
A quantum generalization of the Niemeijer and van Leeuwen (N-vL) renormalization group transformation is constructed which allows to study the critical properties (at Tc>0) of a two-dimensional Ising system with a transverse field on a triangular lattice. Explicit calculations are performed in a second order cumulant expansion. Only one fixed point is found corresponding to the same Ising-like hamiltonian given by N-vl. The linearized transformation has a zero eigenvalue associated with Γ, the transverse field strength. The critical properties of the system are briefly discussed; in particular we show that the singular behaviour of the transverse susceptibility at Γ = 0, which turns out to be of the same kind as that of the energy density, is explained by the existence of such a zero eigenvalue. Our arguments suggest a natural extension of this result to three dimensions.
A zero-temperature real-space renormalization-group method is applied to the one-dimensional quantum spin-\textonehalf{} isotropic $X\ensuremath{-}Y$ model in a transverse field. A line of unstable fixed points is found and is attributed to the oscillatory behavior of the correlation functions. Magnetization components and critical indices are in good agreement with the exact results. The behavior of the xx\mathrm{xx}xx correlation function is studied near the critical field.
A zero-temperature real space renormalisation group block method is applied to the random quantum Ising model with a transverse field on the planar honeycomb and square lattices. For the bound diluted system the magnetisation and the separation of the ground-state energy level (in the paramagnetic phase) are presented for several bond concentrations p. The critical exponents extracted both from the fixed points and from direct numerical computations preserve some scaling relations, and the critical curve displays a characteristic discontinuity at the percolation concentration. For the McCoy and Wu distribution (1968) the random fields and bonds are found to introduce a strong relevant disorder. The order parameter still falls off continuously to zero for well defined values of the parameters but a new fixed point yields a slight change in the critical exponents.