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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Theory of a resonant interaction of a gas of atoms with standing-wave pulses separated in time

B Ya Dubetskiĭ, Семибаламут Владимир Михайлович

Published Aug 31, 1982• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A solution is obtained to the problem of a resonant interaction of a gas of atoms with the field of three strong standing-wave pulses separated in time. A calculation is reported of a correction to the power absorbed by the gas, which oscillates near the center of an atomic line as a function of the field frequency with a characteristic scale of the order of the reciprocal of the time delay between the pulses. It is shown that a signal then appears for all rational values of the ratio of the delays between the pulses and it is related to the transfer—along the time axis—of higher spatial harmonics of the polarization of a medium and of the level populations.

DOI
10.1070/qe1982v012n08abeh005793

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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Nov 30, 1982•0 citations
A solution is obtained to the problem of a resonant interaction of a gas of atoms with the field of three strong standing-wave pulses separated in time. A calculation is reported of a correction to the power absorbed by the gas, which oscillates near the center of an atomic line as a function of the field frequency with a characteristic scale of the order of the reciprocal of the time delay between the pulses. It is shown that a signal then appears for all rational values of the ratio of the delays between the pulses and it is related to the transfer—along the time axis—of higher spatial harmonics of the polarization of a medium and of the level populations.
A theoretical analysis is made of a resonant interaction of two-level atoms with the field of three strong spatially separated standing waves. It is shown that this interaction should give rise to a resonance of width equal to the reciprocal of the transit time between the fields and this resonance should be observed for all rational values of the ratio of the distances by which the waves are separated in space. Calculations are made of the corrections to the flux of particles excited in an atomic beam and to the power absorbed by a gas because of the interaction of atoms with the three fields. It is found that because of recoil a resonance of this kind splits into an infinite series of components separated by intervals of the order of the recoil frequency. The results are given of a numerical calculation of the strongest components of this resonance. The shift and deformation of lines due to quadratic Doppler effect are considered. The results of the calculations are compared with the available experimental data.
Experimental observations are reported of coherent emission from an absorbing rarefied gas following the interaction with two standing-wave pulses separated by a time T. The emission occurred at a time 2T after the first pulse and was associated with the spatial transport of polarization and the formation of spatial polarization harmonics because of a phase jump following two-photon interaction with the field of the second pulse. The formation of spatial polarization harmonics was responsible for the appearance of Ramsey resonances in the optical region. Intensity oscillations were observed at the center of the absorption line on tuning the frequency of the exciting laser and varying the delay time between the pulses.
A study is made of the profile and characteristic features of the first three harmonics of the power absorbed as a result of resonant interaction of a standing frequency-modulated wave with a gas of twolevel molecules. No restrictions are imposed on the amplitude of frequency deviation or on the modulation frequency. It is shown that when the frequency deviation amplitude or the modulation frequency become comparable with the line width of the resonance transition, the harmonics differ considerably from the derivatives of a nonlinear power resonance at the carrier frequency.
The problem of two-photon interaction of atoms with the field of two standing-wave pulses is solved. It is shown that the transit broadening of the line caused by a finite pulse duration and finite transit time of atoms through the light beam is eliminated. On focusing the field a transverse velocity selection of atoms occurs that lends to a decrease of the quadratic Doppler shift of the frequency. A new value of the amplitude of the induced 1S--2S two-photon transition of hydration is obtained that is used for the calculation of the signals. The resonance amplitude in hydrogen proves to be larger for existing pulsed radiation sources than that in continuous excitation by the field.
An investigation was made of signals of coherent radiation generated by time-separated fields in an SF6 gas at moments t =T+nT (n =1,2,3,4) under the action of two pulses of standing-wave CO2 laser radiation. The amplitudes of such signals were investigated as a function of the detuning of the laser frequency relative to the center of the transition line of SF6, as a function of the amplitude of the exciting radiation, and also as as a function of T. The rates of relaxation of the polarization, ?12= (46?5)?106 sec?1?Torr ?1, and of the populations, ? = (42?4)?106 sec?1?Torr ?1, were found at pressures of 1?5 (mTorr). A comparison of ?12 and ? gave information on the nature of collisions in the SF6 gas.