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IEEE Communications Letters

Quantum Network Coding Based on Controlled Teleportation

Tao Shang, Xiaojie Zhao, Jianwei Liu

Published Apr 8, 2014• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This letter proposes new quantum network coding schemes based on controlled teleportation to control the decoding process of receivers in a butterfly network. Firstly, a quantum network coding scheme with two controllers is proposed based on the paradigm XQQ (crossing two qubits) protocol. Then the other scheme based on the perfect quantum network coding protocol with prior entanglement is designed for high fidelity. By introducing the controller, our schemes realize that the decoding process of unicast stream can be controlled, which is helpful to extend these schemes to a general network with unicast or multicast. Our schemes also provide a convenient model to combine authentication into quantum network and would be significant to enhance the security of quantum communication.

DOI
10.1109/lcomm.2014.033014.132816

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This letter proposes new quantum network coding schemes based on controlled teleportation to control the decoding process of receivers in a butterfly network. Firstly, a quantum network coding scheme with two controllers is proposed based on the paradigm XQQ (crossing two qubits) protocol. Then the other scheme based on the perfect quantum network coding protocol with prior entanglement is designed for high fidelity. By introducing the controller, our schemes realize that the decoding process of unicast stream can be controlled, which is helpful to extend these schemes to a general network with unicast or multicast. Our schemes also provide a convenient model to combine authentication into quantum network and would be significant to enhance the security of quantum communication.
This paper proposes a controlled quantum netw ork coding scheme based on single controller so as to control the decoding operation at the receivers for traditional quantum netw ork coding schemes.This scheme is designed based on the paradigm XQQ( Crossing Tw o Qubits) protocol,and it can control the decoding process of tw o receivers simultaneously by means of introducing the controller in controlled teleportation.Scheme analyses show that w ithout the permission of the controller,any attacker cannot decode and acquire the quantum information from the senders in this scheme,even if he can get all the information of the receivers.Thus our scheme can enhance the security of transferring quantum information in quantum netw orks.
Inspired by the structure of the network coding over the butterfly network, a framework of quantum network coding scheme is investigated, which transmits two unknown quantum states crossly over the butterfly quantum system with the multi-photon non-maximally entangled GHZ states. In this scheme, it contains certain number of entanglement-qubit source nodes that teleport unknown quantum states to other nodes on the small-scale network where each intermediate node can pass on its received quantum states to others via superdense coding. In order to transmit the unknown states in a deterministic way, the controlled quantum teleportation is adopted on the intermediate node. It makes legal nodes more convenient than any other previous teleportation schemes to transmit unknown quantum states to unknown participants in applications. It shows that the intrinsic efficiency of transmissions approaches 100% in principle. This scheme is secure based on the securely-shared quantum channels between all nodes and the quantum mechanical impossibility of local unitary transformations between non-maximally entangled GHZ states. Moreover, the generalized scheme is proposed for transmitting two multipartite entangled states. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i2.2031
Quantum network coding is used to overcome the congestion problem in quantum networks, which can effectively improve the transmission efficiency and total throughput of quantum networks. Here, we propose a time-bin complexing network coding method for crossly transmitting two arbitrary single-qubit states over the butterfly network. To solve the congestion problem, a single photon with polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom acts as a bridge to entangle the two-dimensional quantum memories of two intermediate nodes in a heralded way. Finally, quantum 2-pair unicast communication is completed based on quantum teleportation and the heralded double entangled channels. Concerning dishonest intermediate nodes being concerned, a security-enhanced quantum 2-pair unicast communication protocol is presented. Security and performance are analyzed, and the result shows that the improved protocol is secure against the general entangle-measure attack of intermediate nodes. It can be extended to multiple unicast communication over a more general quantum network by exploiting the time-bin complexing technique.
Abstract Distributing quantum state and entanglement between distant nodes is a crucial task in distributed quantum information processing on large-scale quantum networks. Quantum network coding provides an alternative solution for quantum-state distribution, especially when the bottleneck problems must be considered and high communication speed is required. Here, we report the first experimental realization of quantum network coding on the butterfly network. With the help of prior entanglements shared between senders, two quantum states can be transmitted perfectly through the butterfly network. We demonstrate this protocol by employing eight photons generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion. We observe cross-transmission of single-photon states with an average fidelity of 0.9685 ± 0.0013, and that of two-photon entanglement with an average fidelity of 0.9611 ± 0.0061, both of which are greater than the theoretical upper bounds without prior entanglement.
Abstract The high-dimensional quantum system greatly improve the quantum channel capacity and information storage space, and achieve high-dimensional quantum information transmission, which enhance the speed of quantum computing and quantum information processing. In this paper, a high-dimensional quantum teleportation protocol without information loss is proposed. We consider pre-sharing a high-dimensional non-maximum entangled state as a quantum channel between sender and receiver. By adding auxiliary particle and performing high-dimensional local operations, it is possible to achieve high-dimensional quantum teleportation without information loss. Simultaneously, we apply the protocol to butterfly network, and propose a novel high-dimensional quantum network coding based on prediction mechanism. In our scheme, we use Z -{|0⟩, |1⟩} basis to predict the transmission of high dimensional states over the butterfly network. When the prediction is successful, the deterministic transmission of high-dimensional quantum states can be realized over the butterfly network. Our scheme greatly saves the usage of quantum and classical channels, which improves the utilization efficiency of both channels.
Quantum network coding with classical assistance can transmit quantum information with fidelity one in error-free quantum channels. However, the dependency on classical network solutions leads to higher communication complexity and transmission congestion over a large-scale network with bottleneck channels. We find that certain types of quantum operation are sufficient to support multiple unicast sessions over the extended butterfly network. Furthermore, this construction decouples classical communication (assisting decoding information) from classical network solution. Based on this design, we propose an optimal protocol for this specific network, which significantly reduces the communication cost.