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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Coherent state excitons in anisotropic quantum dots: classical and quantum correlations

Alagu Thilagam

Published May 30, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of excitons confined in two adjacent quantum dots, which we describe through their algebraic properties using in the z -direction. We use two explicit forms of coherent states: the Perelomov and Barut–Girardello states to represent the electronic component of the excitonic state in the z -direction. Our results show that in a coherent state basis, the concurrence of an excitonic-qubit pair shows subtle variations which are dependent on the algebraic parameters of the group. These variations also appear in the classical and quantum correlations, present in the qubit–qubit density matrix that is associated with the purely Förster-coupled excitonic-qubit pair. A brief discussion of a plausible experimental technique of detecting excitonic coherent states is provided. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects'.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/45/24/244012

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We investigate the entanglement dynamics of excitons confined in two adjacent quantum dots, which we describe through their algebraic properties using in the z -direction. We use two explicit forms of coherent states: the Perelomov and Barut–Girardello states to represent the electronic component of the excitonic state in the z -direction. Our results show that in a coherent state basis, the concurrence of an excitonic-qubit pair shows subtle variations which are dependent on the algebraic parameters of the group. These variations also appear in the classical and quantum correlations, present in the qubit–qubit density matrix that is associated with the purely Förster-coupled excitonic-qubit pair. A brief discussion of a plausible experimental technique of detecting excitonic coherent states is provided. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects'.
Quantum dots have been the focus of both fundamental and applied research due to their atomic-like properties. The delta-function-like density of states along with strong nonlinear optical properties have made quantum dots the focus of novel opto-electronic devices and of quantum computing proposals. The key issue for implementing quantum dots in devices such as quantum computers is the ability to coherently entangle separately localized quantum dot states. Using continuous wave coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy techniques, this thesis focuses on creating coherent super-position states built from separately localized quantum dot states. The narrow bandwidths and mutual coherence of the applied laser fields allow for the creation of radiative and nonradiative coherences which can be understood from the coherent nonlinear optical response. The quantum dots under study are formed due to the width fluctuations of a thin quantum well. By applying nondegenerate mutually coherent fields on the sample in the traditional pump and probe geometry and homodyne detecting the nonlinear signal field, nonradiative coherences between two laterally coupled quantum dots are created and the coupling between their states examined. The coherent nonlinear optical response is compared with theoretical predictions based on the density matrix formalism for the interacting two exciton model. From this comparison, binding energies of the two-exciton bound state created with separately localized excitons is found to be on the order of 20 mueV for like-polarized excitons and on the order of 100 mueV for unlike-polarized excitons. A second order coherence between the ground and two-exciton state is also noted in the experimental data after comparison with theory. Further work attempting to study a vertically coupled quantum dot system was unsuccessful. The spectrum of a quantum dot is further understood from the comparison of the linear and nonlinear excited state spectra. Excited states which appear in both spectra imply a Coulomb interaction between them and their respective ground states. Coherent nonlinear optical signatures of excited states correlated with their linear excitation spectra are presented, and the importance of such states for a quantum computer read-out is described.
We study the dynamics of excitonic states in one dimensional, dimer and trimer, and two dimensional arrangements of colloidal quantum dots using a density-matrix approach.The dots are coupled via a dipole-dipole interaction akin to the Förster mechanism.Coherent oscillations of tuned donor dots are shown to appear as plateaus in the acceptor dots, and therefore in their optical response.This behavior provides one with an interesting and unique handle to monitor the quantum state of clusters in an eavesdroping arrangement.A trimer cluster in a symmetrical loop shows steady states in a shorter characteristic time than the typical radiative lifetime of the dots.Breaking the symmetry of the loop results again in damping oscillatory states in the donor dots and plateaus in the eavesdropping/acceptor dot.The use of realistic parameters allows direct comparison with recent experiments and indicates that coherent state monitoring is possible in real experiments.Estimates of the Förster coupling V F are obtained from a microscopic description of the exciton levels in the quantum dot.We present results for different materials CdS, CdSe, GaAs, and InP as function of dot features.V F shows a nonmonotonic variation with dot sizes and a maximum value that depends on the specific dot sizes, material parameters, and dot separation.We also study the effect of the orientation factor on coherent energy transfer from a donor quantum dot to an acceptor quantum dot by calculating the polarization of the acceptor dot.We study how the measurement of the ac-ceptor polarization can be used to determine the relative orientation between the donor-acceptor pair.We also find that Förster coupling between dots results in a polarization memory transfer.
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Abstract We investigate the dynamics of both quantum discord and concurrence within two excitonic qubits embedded in two coupled semiconductor quantum dots independently interacting with dephasing reservoirs. Their behavior in both Markovian and non-Markovian environments is explored against the dimensionless time and the temperature. Moreover, the effects of the external electric field on these correlations as well as the effects related to the Förster interaction are extensively analyzed. We show that the non-Markovian behavior of quantum correlations is always preserved under the variation of the electric field and the Förster interaction, regardless of the strong influence of these two parameters on the amount of quantum correlations. Furthermore, we show that nonzero discord can still be observed for large values of temperature and dimensionless time, unlike concurrence which vanishes in this regime.
The dynamical behaviors of the entanglement for the excitons in a system of two coupled quantum dots and a single-mode cavity field are investigated for two different initial conditions by means of the concurrence.It is shown that the direct coupling between the dots can reduce the degree of the entanglement for the excitons.For the initial cavity field being in the odd-coherent state,the degree of their entanglement decreases with the increase of the coherent intensity of cavity field.There is a trade-off for excitonic entanglement when cavity field is initially prepared in the even-coherent state.The relation between the average photon numbers of cavity field and quasi-maximally entangled excitonic coherent states is studied.
Exciton-biexciton coherent coupling effects are examined in semiconductor quantum dots. The exciton absorption spectrum is measured with the microphotoluminescence excitation technique in a single InGaAs quantum dot. The spectrum changes from a Lorenztian-type line shape to an unusual dip-shaped line shape with increasing excitation intensities in a higher exciton state where there is a large oscillator strength between the exciton and biexciton states. The intensity dependence of the dip energy width clearly indicates that coherent Rabi oscillation occurs between the exciton and biexciton states. The absorption properties with excitation light of different polarizations show that the dip-shaped spectra only appear when there is a large biexciton state population with linear polarization. A theoretical analysis undertaken with the density matrix method agrees well with experimental results. This agreement reveals that exciton-biexciton coherent interactions lead to unusual absorption spectra and contribute crucially to the optical properties of quantum dots. The exciton-biexciton coherent effects provide a scheme for controlling four distinguishable states, which can be applied to a demonstration of quantum gate operations.