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Physical Review A

Deterministic quantum splitter based on time-reversed Hong-Ou-Mandel interference

Jun Chen, Kim Fook Lee, Prem Kumar

Published Sep 26, 2007• 64 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By utilizing a fiber-based indistinguishable photon-pair source in the $1.55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ telecommunications band [J. Chen et al., Opt. Lett. 31, 2798 (2006)], we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, deterministic quantum splitter based on the principle of time-reversed Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference. The deterministically separated identical photons' indistinguishability is then verified by using a conventional Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference, which exhibits a near-unity dip visibility of $94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%$, making this quantum splitter useful for various quantum information processing applications.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.031804

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By utilizing a fiber-based indistinguishable photon-pair source in the 1.55\ensuremathμm1.55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}1.55\ensuremathμm telecommunications band [J. Chen et al., Opt. Lett. 31, 2798 (2006)], we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, deterministic quantum splitter based on the principle of time-reversed Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference. The deterministically separated identical photons' indistinguishability is then verified by using a conventional Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference, which exhibits a near-unity dip visibility of 94\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi194\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%94\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1, making this quantum splitter useful for various quantum information processing applications.
Sources of entanglement are an enabling resource in quantum technology, and pushing the limits of generation rate and quality of entanglement is a necessary prerequisite towards practical applications. Here, we present an ultrabright source of polarization-entangled photon pairs based on time-reversed Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. By superimposing four pair-creation possibilities on a polarization beam splitter, pairs of identical photons are separated into two spatial modes without the usual requirement for wavelength distinguishability or noncollinear emission angles. Our source yields high-fidelity polarization entanglement and high pair-generation rates without any requirement for active interferometric stabilization, which makes it an ideal candidate for a variety of applications, in particular those requiring indistinguishable photons.
Integrated sources of indistinguishable photons have attracted a lot of attention because of their applications in quantum communication and optical quantum computing. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-compact quantum splitter for degenerate single photons based on a monolithic chip incorporating Sagnac loop and a micro-ring resonator with a footprint of 0.011 mm2, generating and deterministically splitting indistinguishable photon pairs using time-reversed Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The ring resonator provides enhanced photon generation rate, and the Sagnac loop ensures the photons travel through equal path lengths and interfere with the correct phase to enable the reversed HOM effect to take place. In the experiment, we observed a HOM dip visibility of 94.5 +- 3.3 %, indicating the photons generated by the degenerate single photon source are in a suitable state for further integration with other components for quantum applications, such as controlled-NOT gates.
We have constructed and experimentally characterized what we believe to be the first fiber-based source of degenerate polarization-entangled photon pairs in the telecommunication band. Our source design utilizes bichromatic pump pulses and an optical-fiber Sagnac loop aligned to deterministically separate degenerate photon pairs at a central wavelength. The source exhibits 0.997+/-0.006 fidelity with a maximally entangled state, measured using quantum state tomography. When reconfigured to produce identical photon pairs, the source exhibits a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility of 0.97+/-0.04.